Comprehensive Understanding ntawm FTTx Network
Kev nkag siab yooj yim ntawm FTTx yog Fiber rau x, x ntawm no tuaj yeem hloov tau xws li H rau tsev, B rau lub tsev, C rau kev tab lossis kev W rau wireless thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tshiab siv tshuab hnub no. Raws li peb paub, piv rau cov tooj liab los yog cov xov tooj cua, fiber ntau high bandwidth thiab low attenuation yooj yim offset nws cov nqi ntau dua. Yuav kom nruab fib fib ntau tag nrho txoj kev mus rau hauv tsev los yog cov neeg siv cov chaw ua haujlwm yeej ib txwm yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam fiber ntau. Tsaug optical fiber ntau tag nrho txoj kev rau neeg mus yuav, peb yuav tau unprecedented siab ceev hauv kev lom zem ntau cov kev pab nyob rau hauv tsev nrog FTTx network, xws li kev ua haujlwm, kev kho mob, tshuaj khw, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog precisely vim hais tias cov xav tau ntawm bandwidth ceev spiraling upwards, FTTx technology tam sim no yog nrov heev nrog cov neeg thiab muaj yuav tsum tseem ceeb.
FTTx Network Enabling Technologies
Architectures
Raws li qhov chaw xaus, qhov FTTx network architectures pom muaj xws li cov nram qab no:
1. FTTC: Fiber Rau Lub Teeb (lossis Node, FTTN)
Fibre rau ntawm ntug kev nqa fiber ntau rau lub curb, los yog cia li cia rau hauv txoj kev, ze txaus rau tooj hlau thaiv twb txuas lub tsev mus nqa DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Tiag tiag, FTTC bandwidth nyob ntawm DSL kev ua haujlwm qhov twg qhov bandwidth tawm ntawm ntev ntev los ntawm qhov ntawm lub tsev mus rau. Txawm hais tias tus nqi FTTC tsawg dua FTTH thawj zaug, nws tsuas yog siv cov xov tooj kab thaiv tam sim no los ze los yog nyob ze ntawm lub tsev thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov ntawm tsev. Li no, nyob rau ntau qhov kev tsim, FTTC tam sim no maj mam hloov mus rau FTTH.
2. FTTH Active Lub Hnub Qub
FTTH active star network txhais tau hais tias lub tsev khiav lub hnub qub network muaj ib lub fiber ntau rau txhua lub tsev. Nws yog txoj kev yooj yim kom ua tau fiber ntau hauv tsev thiab muab ntau npaum li cas bandwidth thiab yooj. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev cai no feem ntau xav tau tus nqi ntau dua, raws li cov kev cai ntawm ob leeg hauv tshuab hluav taws xob rau txhua qhov kawg thiab cov fibers rau txhua lub tsev.
3. FTTH PON (Passive Optical Network)
FTTH architecture muaj ib lub chaw siv kho qhov muag pom zoo (PON) uas tso cai rau ntau tus neeg tuaj koom tib qho kev sib txuas, tsis muaj yam khoom (xws li, cov khoom tsim los hloov txav los ntawm kev kho qhov muag-hluav taws xob-kho qhov muag). Hauv no architecture, nws feem ntau xav tau PON splitter. PON splitter yog ob txoj hauv kev, uas yog cov cim xa tawm xa tawm hauv central office, tshaj tawm rau tag nrho cov neeg siv, thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg siv tau xa mus rau sab nraud thiab muab sib xyaw ua ke los ua ke nrog ib lub xov tooj sib txuas nrog lub chaw ua haujlwm. PON splitter yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv los siv rau hauv FTTH networks. Muaj ob hom passive optical splitters: ib qho yog hom kab fused tsoos raws li paub los ua FBT coupler lossis FBT WDM optical splitter, uas nta cov nqi sib tw; ib qho yog PLC splitter raws li lub tshuab PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit), uas muaj ib qhov loj me thiab kev sib foob rau kev siv ntawv ntau. Vim hais tias nws txiav qhov nqi ntawm cov kev sib txuas los ntawm kev sib koom, qhov kev tsim vaj tse no yog nyiam ua ntej neeg thaum xaiv lub architecture.
FTTx / PON Cov Kev Cai
Muaj ob yam loj li ntawm PON cov qauv no: GPON (POB siv tau PIN) thiab EPON (Ethernet PON). Lub fomer siv IP-raws kev cai raws li, raws li Ameslikas rau ntawm ATM cov kev cai, tiam sis hauv nws qhov kev txhim kho tshiab uas siv cov txheej txheem coj los ua kev cai GEM. EPON yog nce raws IEEE tus qauv rau Ethernet hauv First Mile, npaj cov khoom pheej yig dua thiab siv Ethernet. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj BPON (broadband PON), yog qhov nrov tshaj PON application tam sim no thaum pib. Nws kuj siv ATM raws li kev cai (BPON digital signals khiav ntawm ATM cov nqi ntawm 155, 622 thiab 1244 Mb / s).
Txeeb
Lub xa tawm ntawm FTTx feem ntau txhais tau hais tias cov fais fab fiber optic xa mus. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm siv cov hluav taws xob optic fiber ntau, qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm fiber ntau optic cable yog feem ntau tseem ceeb ntawm nws. Thaum peb pib fiber ntau optic, txiav ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tsim nyog. Fiber optic splicing muaj xws li fusion splicing thiab mechanical splicing, thiab tam sim no, fusion splicing yog ntau dua siv raws li nws cov kev kawm zoo thiab yooj yim lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cleaving, polishing thiab kev ntxuav tas hnub tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv fiber optic txiav. Tsuas yog cov kauj ruam tsim nyog ntawm fiber ntau optic, kev sib txuas zoo, lub npoo ntsej muag thiab lub thawv ntawv loj (FTB) thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm fiber ntau optic dav hlau.
Kev Xeem thiab Kev Faus Fab Kev FTTx Network
Txawm hais tias nws txo cov nqi siv fiber ntau optics, piv rau lwm lub network, lub Cheebtsam ntawm FTTx zoo li yuav kim dua. Lub caij no, thiaj li ua kom lub network ua haujlwm zoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum kuaj thiab commission network. Kev kuaj FTTx network zoo ib yam li lwm yam OSP (Tawm Sab Sab Kev Sab) tab sis cov splitter thiab WDM ntxiv qhov nyuaj. Cov nquag siv cov ntawv xeem muaj xws li:
VFL - VFL, luv luv rau Qhov Pom Qhov Pom Pom Zoo, yog hom ntaus ntawv uas yog muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau qhov kev ncua sij hawm, khoov los yog tawg ntawm cov iav fiber. Nws tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov txhaum ntawm OTDR tuag taus qhov chaw thiab ua kom muaj cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm ib kawg mus rau lwm qhov kawg. Tsim muaj nrog lub FC, SC, thoob ntiaj teb cov adapter, qhov no kuaj fiber ntau yog siv tsis muaj lwm hom adapters ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem nrhiav kev txhaum txog 10km hauv fiber ntau cable, nrog kev cog lus loj loj, lub teeb hauv lub cev, laser liab.
Lub Hwjchim Hwjchim thiab Lub Teeb Los - Lub Hwjchim Siv Fais Fab yog siv los ntsuas qhov tau txais fais fab kev lag luam thaum lub teeb ci tau siv los tsim kho qhov muag thiab hloov tsis tau rau hauv kev lag luam. Feem ntau qhov muag kho qhov muag tau siv nrog cov fais fab fiber optic meters, lawv ua raws li kev lag luam thiab txuag kev ua haujlwm rau cov fiber ntau optic network. Nws yog txoj kev ncaj tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov qoob loo.
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) - OTDR yog ib qho kev siv tshuab optoelectronic uas siv los ua tus cim fiber ntau. Nws tuaj yeem muab koj lub luag haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub cev uas koj sim thiab yuav siv tau los kwv yees cov fiber ntau thiab tag nrho attenuation, nrog rau kev txhim kho thiab khi cov khoom poob. Nws kuj siv tau los nrhiav cov kev ua yuam kev, xws li so, thiab ntsuas qhov poob qis dua. Nws yog ib qho khoom kim heev, thiab xav tau kev txawj ntse ntxiv.
OCWR (Optical Continuous Wave Reflectometer) - OCWR yog ib qho cuab yeej siv los ntsuas tus fiber ntau optic txuas uas nyob hauv qhov teebmeem tsis muaj teebmeem raug xa mus los ntawm qhov txuas, thiab lub teeb ci uas ua kom tawg thiab rov qab rov qab mus rau cov tswv yim ntsuas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev kwv yees feem sib nrauj thiab txuas kho qhov muag poob.
Optical Fiber Scope - Optical fiber ntau yog siv los tshuaj xyuas cov phom ntev, muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm fiber ntau thiab ntsej muag. Nws tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua qhov kev kuaj pom thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag rau kev tsis sib haum, piv txwv li, khawb, av thiab lwm yam. Magnification yuav ua tau li 400 x.
Yav Tom Ntej Tiam sis
Muaj tseeb, FTTx tshuab yuav txuas ntxiv. Nrog rau qhov siab thiab siab dua ntawm lub network ceev, qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawm FTTx kuj tseem tuaj yeem kho cov technology thiab cov nqi txuag. Thiab lub cim ntxiv ntawm PONs, xws li 10G GEPON, WDM PON thiab lwm yam. Kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv FTTx network development. Tej zaum muaj ib hnub, peb tuaj yeem siv lub FTTd, xws li. fiber ntau rau ntawm lub rooj thiab txaus siab rau ib lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov kev pabcuam niaj hnub no.
