Data Center Cabling Cov Kev Ua Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Xyoo-Xaiv Xaus

Data Center Cabling Cov Kev Ua Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Xyoo-Xaiv Xaus

Yog vim li cas peb ditching Coax rau FTTA

Cia kuv ua blunt: nws tsis yog vim FTTA zoo nkauj. Nws yog vim coaxua tsis tau 5G. Physics yuav tsis pub nws.

 

7/8-inch coax ntawm 2.1GHz poob txog 4.5dB ib 100 meters-tau txais. Tab sis thawb nws mus rau 3.5GHz rau n78 band thiab koj tab tom saib ntawm 6.8dB. Ntawm 60-meter pej thuam, koj tau los ntshav tawm 40% + ntawm koj lub teeb liab ua ntej nws txawm tawm hauv lub kav hlau txais xov. Tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas optimization kho thermodynamics.

 

FTTA txav qhov taw tes hloov pauv RF mus rau saum ntauwd. BBU nyob twj ywm hauv vaj tse, RRH mounts ntawm ib sab ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov, fiber ntau khiav ntawm lawv. Tib - hom fiber ntau ntawm 1310nm attenuates nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.35dB ibkm- yog lub tsev. Ib qho 20km fiber ntau khiav poob qis dua 60-meter coax pub.

Ntawm no yog cov neeg muag khoom tus lej yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv: peb tau taug qab O&M cov ntaub ntawv thoob plaws Malaysian chaw rau peb xyoos. FTTA qhov chaw tsim tawmkwv yees ib nrabdaim pib teeb meem txhua xyoo piv rau cov khoom qub qub (46.7% tsawg dua, kom muaj tseeb, tab sis qhov ntawd tsuas yog 18 lub hlis ntawm kev taug qab-ntev- lub sijhawm ua haujlwm TBD). Qhov txo qis los ntawm kev tshem tawm ob hom kev ua tsis tiav tag nrho: feeder connector oxidation thiab TMA tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj nyob hauv FTTA architecture.

Fronthaul Protocols: Here Be Dragons

BBU-RRH txuas tsis khiav tus qauv Ethernet. Nws khiav cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov no yog qhov uas tej yam tsis zoo.

CPRIua 4g. Nws nqa lub sijhawm- sau IQ cov qauv ncaj qha- lub tswv yim yooj yim, kev xav tau bandwidth siab phem. Lub 20MHz LTE cell nrog 2x2 MIMO noj txog 2.5Gbps. Scale ntawd rau 5G NR nrog 100MHz bandwidth thiab 64T64R Loj MIMO, thiab CPRI tsuas yog ... tawg. lej tsis ua haujlwm.

eCPRIkho qhov no los ntawm kev thawb qee qhov kev ua PHY mus rau sab RRU thiab xa zaus- cov ntaub ntawv sau npe hloov. CPRI Kev Koom Tes (cpri.info) thov 10x bandwidth efficiency nce. Tiag -kev nce hauv ntiaj teb yog nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xaiv ua haujlwm sib cais, tab sis yog, nws yog qhov kev txhim kho loj heev.

Interface specs tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau lawm:

Hais lus tiag: Kev xaiv 10 yog lub qab nthab theoretical. Txhua qhov project kuv tau kov siv eCPRI tam sim no. Cov neeg muag khoom tau nres thawb CPRI xyoo dhau los.

Peb lub tswv yim tam sim no yooj yim: tsis txhob sib xyaw - tus neeg muag khoom fronthaul.O-RAN Alliance cia siab tias yuav muaj kev sib koom tes. Peb yuav ntseeg nws thaum peb pom tias nws ua haujlwm tiag tiag hauv thaj teb.

Fiber npaj kev pom zoo: txawm tias koj tab tom siv 4G nkaus xwb hnub no, spec koj lub cev cables nrogyam tsawg kawg nkaus 8 cores ntawm G.652.D ib leeg - hom. Qhov no muab koj lub taub hau rau eCPRI hloov kho dua tshiab yam tsis tau rov ua dua. Tsis txhob pheej yig tawm ntawm no.

Kev xaiv Cable: Qhov twg siv, txuag qhov twg

Lub cev Cables

Daim ntawv thov ntauwd sab nraum zoov xav tau ib hom - hom. Ob tug ITU-T qauv tswj hwm:

G.652.D: Baseline spec. Ua haujlwm zoo rau cov txheej txheem routing.

G.657.A1/A2: Khoov- ua siab ntev. A1 tuav 15mm yam tsawg kawg nkaus khoov vojvoog, A2 mus rau 10mm. Yuav tsum raug nqi 15-20% ntau dua G.652.D.Nov yog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag thaum koj sim yuav nws:

 Supplier A quotes G.657.A2 ntawm 28% tus nqi tshaj lawv G.652.D (tsis yog 15-20% cov ntaub ntawv thov)

Tus neeg muab khoom B hais rau lawv G.652.D "tseem muaj khoov siab ntev" tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv pov thawj thib peb - tog

Koj pab neeg ua haujlwm engineering hais tias "tsis muaj teeb meem, peb yuav tsis khoov nws nruj heev hauv daim teb"

Nyiaj txiag saib ntawm pob nyiaj siv thiab nug "koj puas paub tseeb tias koj yuav tsum siv nyiaj ntxiv $80K?"

Qhov kuv ua tiag tiag: G.657.A2 rau pob tw cables (kwv yees li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj siv cable), G.652.D rau jumpers (kwv yees li 35% ntawm pob nyiaj siv). Muab cov nyiaj khaws cia rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no puas yog txoj kev hu?Nug kuv hauv peb xyoos.

Jacket Materials:

• LSZH: Txoj cai yuav tsum tau rau sab hauv tsev / sab nraum zoov hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov khw
• UV-stabilized PE: Tsis yog- sib tham tau rau kev khiav tawm sab nraum zoov hauv huab cua sov lossis suab puam
• Armored gel - puv: Direct faus los yog nas tsuag - thaj chaw uas nyob

Kuv yuav tsum qhia koj txog kev puas tsuaj UAE.Dubai project, 2021. Kev yuav khoom tau mus nrog tus neeg xa khoom hauv zos Al-Fiber's PE tsho kom txuag tau 15% (PO# UAE-2021-447). Kaum yim hli tom qab, lub tsho tau tawg. Ntug ntsev pos huab ntxiv rau lub hnub ncaj qha-tus qauv PE ua tsis tau nws. Hloov tus nqi $ 127K, uas yog 1.8x tus thawj cable pob nyiaj siv.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawd yuam kom peb rov sau peb cov qauv kev yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Kev kuaj UV tam sim no yuav tsum tau ua, nres tag nrho. Kuv tsis quav ntsej ntau npaum li cas tus neeg muag khoom yws txog cov nqi kuaj.

Connector Compatibility -Nyeem Qhov no Ua tib zoo

Connector mismatch yog qhovib leeg loj tshaj kev yuav khoom mob taub hauhauv FTTA. Bar tsis muaj.

BBU thiab RRU SFP cov chaw nres nkoj yog LC duplex. Qhov ntawd yog standardized. Qhov teeb meem yog kev tiv thaiv huab cua sab nraum zoov-Txhua tus neeg muag khoom siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv sib txawv, thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv.

Zaj dab neeg Indonesia.2022. Tus kws tshaj lij kev muag khoom pom "LC sab nraum zoov txuas" ntawm BOM thiab muab tso rau qhov kev txiav txim.Tsis muaj leej twg paub tseeb tias Nokia RRUs siv NSN interface.40% ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj tsis raug.

Tom qab ntawd los tus ntiv tes - taw tes. Daim ntawv cog lus tus neeg muag khoom tau hais tias "cov khoom siv uas tsis yog- rov qab tau." Ob lub lis piam tom qab kev sib tham, peb tau noj 15% tus nqi them rov qab kom tau txais lawv pauv. Qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv reorder lub sij hawm txhuas, thiab qhov project poob peb thiab ib nrab lub lis piam.

Peb tuaj yeem tsim ODVA-rau-PDLC, NSN-rau-LC, lossis lwm yam kev txiav tawm sib xyaw-tab sis configuration yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau lub sij hawm txiav txim.Standard configs nkoj hauv 2 lub lis piam. Kev cai tsim yuav tsum tau 3-4 lub lis piam.

Xaus ntsej muag zoo

APC (angled, ntsuab) thiab UPC (ncaj, xiav) yogkiag li tsis interchangeable. Mating lawv ua rau rov qab poob hnyav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas. Cov xim coding muaj tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv qhov yuam kev no, tab sis nws tseem tshwm sim thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm maj nrawm.

Qhov teeb meem ntau insidious yog kis kab mob. Fluke Networks (flukenetworks.com) cov ntaub ntawv thiab peb tus kheej RMA tsom xam ob qho tib si taw qhia kom xaus ntsej muag sib kis raws li qhov#1 ua rau kho qhov muag txuas tsis ua haujlwm. Kwv yees li 60% ntawm cov neeg dhia dhia rov qab los rau peb raws li "tsis raug" qhia tias muaj kab mob hauv kev tshuaj xyuas - tsis raug tsim khoom.

Kev soj ntsuam raws tu qauv:

• 200x yam tsawg kawg nkaus magnification fiber ntau
• IEC 61300-3-35 Kev lees txais
• Zone A (tub ntxhais): Tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag lossis tsis raug tso cai
• Zone B (cladding): Cov khoom me me tuaj yeem siv tau, txwv tsis pub khawb

Kev tu txhua hnub: cov cwj mem qhuav qhuav. tawv tawv residue: IPA cawv nrog lint -dawb so.Tsis txhob siv cua compressed-nws tsuas yog rov faib cov khoom seem.

Tus nqi tsim nyog: Chav Tsev Nqe Yog Lub Tswv Yim ntawm Iceberg

Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv yog cov pab pawg muag khoom tsom rau.Nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tsom.Peb tau taug qab cov nqi thoob plaws kwv yees li 50 qhov chaw hauv Philippines, Malaysia, thiab Thaib teb los ntawm 2022-2024 (cov suav tseeb yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ERP-qee qhov haujlwm Malaysian cuam tshuam rau xyoo nyiaj txiag thiab kev suav nyiaj tsis zoo). Cov khoom sawv cev tsuas yog 25-35% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi nruab. Labor yog tus tua neeg.

Thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj sib txawv heev los ntawm txoj kev txiav tawm:

Field Termination

Factory Pre- xaus

Ua ntej- cov rooj sib txoos uas tau txiav tawm muaj nqi ntau dua tab sistxo tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov project los ntawm 8-15%. Cov kev txuag tau los ntawm peb qhov chaw: kev txhim kho sai dua (cov neeg ua haujlwm rub thiab mount es tsis txhob splicing), cov nqi rov ua haujlwm qis dua (Lub Hoobkas QC ntes cov teeb meem ua ntej xa khoom), thiab tshem tawm splicer xauj tsev ntxiv rau cov kws tshaj lij kev xav tau.

Rework tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog.Peb cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2023 tau pom tias qhov kev txiav tawm ua tiav tau ua tiav 84% ua ntej- kis tawm (tsis yog 85%- cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag tsis yog cov lej sib npaug). Qhov 16% xav tau rework txhais tau tias lub tsheb yob txhua lub sijhawm. Ntawm North American lub nroog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nroog, txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm raug nqi $ 400-600 hauv kev ua haujlwm ib leeg. Scale uas hla ntau qhov chaw rollout thiab rework nqi noj koj cov khoom txuag ciaj sia.

Thaum kev txiav tawm teb yeej: Kev khiav hauj lwm ntev heev (150m+, qhov twg ua ntej- cov nqi txiav tawm suav nrog cov pov tseg ntev), lossis cov haujlwm nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm splice thiab cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm. Standard macro sites nrog sub-100m khiav? Pre-termination yeej ntawm tag nrho cov nqi.

R&M (rdm.com) thov 20-30% txo lub sijhawm teeb tsa nrog lawv lub ntsaws-thiab- ua si FTTA systems. Peb cov kev ntsuas ua kom zoo: tus qauv 3-sector site nrog 6 RRU txoj haujlwm yuav siv sijhawm 6-8 teev ntauwd rau kev txiav tawm, 4-5 teev rau kev txiav ua ntej.

Cov qauv kev teeb tsa: Tau txais cov no yuam kev thiab koj ua ob zaug

Fiber ntau zam txim ntau dua li coax hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis kev tuav txhua yam tseem ceeb.

Rau 5mm txoj kab uas hla jumper, txhais tau tias tsis muaj khoov nruj dua 100mm thaum rub, so kom txaus rau 50mm ib zaug ruaj ntseg. G.657 khoov-insensitive fiber ntau tolerates nruj dua radii ntawm qib iav, tab sis lub tsho thiab lub zog cov tswv cuab txwv tseem siv tau.

Microbends yog ib qho nyuaj rau pom thiab sib npaug: overtightened cable ties, routing hla cov npoo ntse, tsis zoo coiling hauv slack cia tag nrho tsim cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab. Cov no feem ntau tshwm sim raws li qhov cuam tshuam tsis sib xws thaum lub sij hawm caij tsheb kauj vab, tsis pom kev ua tsis tiav tam sim.

Txoj kev txuas tseem ceeb: Tsis txhob siv cable ties(nylon lossis stainless) kom ruaj ntseg fiber ntau ncaj qha rau ntauwd hlau. Cable ties tsim rigid thauj tog rau nkoj cov ntsiab lus uas xa ntauwd kev co thiab mloog zoo rau kev nyuaj siab thaum thermal expansion/contraction. Siv cov fiber ntau- tshwj xeeb cable hangers uas tso cai rau kev txav mus los. Qhov sib nrug ntawm 1-1.5 meters muab kev txhawb nqa txaus yam tsis muaj kev txwv ntau dhau.

Testing protocol (ANSI/TIA ob-tier):

 Qib 1:OLTS kawg-rau- xaus qhov ntsuas qhov poob. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau txais. TIA tso cai rau 0.75dB rau ib khub sib txuas sib txuas, tab sis kev teeb tsa zoo yuav tsum ua tiav 0.3dB lossis zoo dua.

Qib 2:OTDR characterization mapping tus kheej splice thiab connector qhov chaw nrog cov txiaj ntsig poob. Siv sijhawm ntev dua tab sis muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev daws teeb meem yav tom ntej.

Peb xav tau Tier 1 ntawm txhua qhov haujlwm. Tier 2 tau pom zoo rau txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm tshaj 20 qhov chaw.

Xaiv cov neeg muab khoom

Kev lag luam segments los ntawm daim ntawv thov tier:

Tier 1 cov neeg nqa khoom nrog cov hneev taw thoob ntiaj tebFeem ntau qhia Corning lossis Prysmian rau lub cev cables, CommScope lossis Huber + Suhner rau kev sib txuas sab nraum zoov . 20-30% tus nqi hwm, tab sis koj tau txais cov ntawv pov thawj zoo, kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov kev pabcuam tag nrho. Yog tias koj tus neeg siv khoom xav tau hom npe - lub npe BOM kev pom zoo lossis koj qhov chaw tswj hwm xav kom xaus-rau- xaus cov ntaub ntawv taug qab, tus nqi them yog tsim nyog.

Cov neeg nqa khoom hauv cheeb tsam thiab ntau lub tuam txhab saib cov nqinrhiav tus nqi zoo dua nrog tsim nyog thib ob -tier cov neeg xa khoom.

Peb tso peb tus kheej hauv ntu no. Peb FT-FTTA series jumpers siv ceramic ferrules lub rooj sib tham TIA-455, nrog ntsuas qhov poob ntawm 0.15dB (peb muab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas tus kheej, tsis yog spec daim ntawv thov). Tus nqi khiav 35-40% hauv qab Corning sib npaug.

Cia kuv ncaj nraim txog peb tus nqi prop: 2-lub lim tiam tus me nyuam, MOQ-phooj ywg, thiab yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm kuv nyob rau hauv Shenzhen-24 teev rau koj qhov chaw. Peb puas tuaj yeem phim Corning ntawm qhov zoo? Cov ntaub ntawv nkag tsis tau yog muaj: 0.15dB vs 0.12dB. Nyob rau 60-meter pej thuam,qhov txawv ntawd yog qhov ntsuas tsis tau.

Thiab peb cov kev txwv: logistics network npog APAC thiab Middle East zoo, tab sis North American xa khoom ntxiv 7-10 hnub. Kev pab txhawb nqa yog tej thaj chaw deb-peb tsis muaj headcount rau ntawm qhov chaw engineering uas cov neeg muag khoom loj muab.

Tus nqi siv tiag tiag (2024 Q4):

Nco tseg: Corning nqi yog daim ntawv teev npe; lawv yuav txo 15% hauv kev xyaum. Peb tus nqi yog DDP rau chaw nres nkoj,tsis suav nrog kev txhawb nqa installation-ntawm-site engineering yog $800/hnub ntxiv.

Tus neeg muab khoom xaiv yam tseem ceeb tshaj tus nqi tsev:

1. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm: Pob kws txheem khoom nkoj 4-6 lub lis piam; kev cai ntev dua. Peb xa cov qauv hauv 2 lub lis piam, kev cai hauv 3-4. Thaum lub sij hawm nruj, lub sij hawm xa khoom tseem ceeb tshaj qhov nqi tsev.
2. Kev txhawb nqa: Cov neeg muag khoom loj muaj cov kev kawm engineering thiab cov ntawv pov thawj kev teeb tsa. Peb tsuas yog muab kev sab laj rau tej thaj chaw deb.
3. Cov ntsiab lus Warranty: Kev lag luam tus qauv yog 1-xyoo lav lav. Qhia kom meej meej (cov khoom siv tsuas yog cov khoom siv nrog rau kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm) thaum sib tham txog kev cog lus.

Kuv Cov Lus Qhia

Yim xyoo ntawm kev kawm txoj kev nyuaj:

Teeb meem kuv tsis tau daws

Ob peb yam uas kuv tseem tsis tau muaj lus teb zoo rau:

1. eCPRI multi-v khoom sib cuam tshuam: Ua siab ncaj, kev lag luam tsis muaj kev paub daws teeb meem. Peb lub tswv yim yog kom tsis txhob sib xyaw- tus neeg muag khoom fronthaul kom txog rau thaum O-RAN Alliance cov qauv ua haujlwm tiag tiag hauv kev xyaum. Peb tsis tuav peb ua pa.
    
2. 100GE optical module muab: Finisar thiab Lumentum yog ob qho tib si tsis txaus. Peb xaj Q3, tseem tos ib nrab ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Ntau qhov haujlwm tau siv 25GE thawj zaug nrog tus nqi- txwv hauv BBU, hloov kho mus rau 100GE thaum cov qauv tuaj txog. Txoj kev ua theem no tsis tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv dawb, tab sis txhua tus neeg uas tau siv 5G tiag tiag paub txog nws.
    
3. NSN interface lwm tus neeg xa khoom: Nokia tau kaw qhov no. Tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog thib peb - tog lwm txoj hauv kev. Tus nqi tsis yog -xav tau, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev. Yog tias leej twg tau pom lwm txoj kev txhim khu kev qha, kuv xav hnov ​​​​txog nws.