GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) yog ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob zoo siv hluav taws xob feem ntau tsim los ntawm ob qho khoom siv tseem ceeb: OLT (Optical Line Terminal) thiab ONT (Optical Network Terminal). Lawv cov dej num hauv optical kab davhlau ya nyob twg network yog raws li nram no:
OLT (Optical Line Terminal)
OLT yog ib lub cuab yeej siv nyob rau ntawm lub chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv nruab nrab. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog:
1. Optical-Electrical Conversion: OLT hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub nraub qaum lossis lub hauv paus cheeb tsam network rau hauv cov teeb liab kho qhov muag thiab xa mus rau ONTs los ntawm PON network.
2. Kev Tswj Bandwidth: OLT faib bandwidth rau txhua tus neeg siv, txhawb nqa Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) txhawm rau txhim kho kev siv bandwidth.
3. Kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev xa mus: Nws sib sau cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm txhua ONT thiab xa mus rau cov txheej txheem sab saud thaum faib cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem sab saud mus rau txhua ONT.
4. QoS (Kev Pabcuam Zoo): OLT muab ntau yam QoS cov txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv muaj qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv thiab lav bandwidth.
5. Kev Tswj Xyuas Network: Los ntawm Network Management System (NMS), OLT teeb tsa, saib xyuas, thiab tswj hwm tag nrho PON network, suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas qhov ua txhaum thiab kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm.
6. Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ua Haujlwm: OLT muab cov ntaub ntawv encryption thiab cov neeg siv kev lees paub los xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv network.
ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
ONT yog ib lub cuab yeej siv rau ntawm tus neeg siv qhov chaw. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog:
1. Optical-Electrical Conversion: ONT converts cov teeb liab kho qhov muag xa los ntawm OLT rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom siv (xws li khoos phis tawj, TVs, thiab lwm yam), thiab hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob xa los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv rov qab rau hauv cov teeb liab kho qhov muag xa mus. rau OLT.
2. Kev Pabcuam: Nws txhawb kev nkag mus rau ntau yam kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv, xws li kev siv internet, IPTV, VoIP, thiab lwm yam, los ntawm Ethernet interfaces lossis Wi-Fi.
3. Bandwidth Control: Nws tswj kev siv bandwidth ntawm tus neeg siv kawg raws li OLT lub tswv yim faib bandwidth.
4. Kev Tswj Xyuas Hauv Zos: Nws muab cov kev tswj xyuas hauv zos, tso cai rau cov neeg siv los ua cov kev teeb tsa yooj yim thiab kev saib xyuas los ntawm lub vev xaib interface lossis kab lus txib.
5. QoS (Kev Pabcuam Zoo): Nws txhawb QoS cov haujlwm yooj yim los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov kev pabcuam sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv kawg.
6. Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ua Haujlwm: Nws txhawb cov neeg siv kev lees paub thiab cov ntaub ntawv encryption kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv.
Nta thiab qhov zoo ntawm GPON Networks
● High Bandwidth: GPON muab symmetrical lossis asymmetrical high-speed cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, feem ntau nrog ib tug downstream bandwidth ntawm 2.5Gbps thiab ib tug upstream bandwidth ntawm 1.25Gbps.
● Kev Pabcuam Ntev Ntev: GPON txhawb nqa qhov kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws ntawm 20 mais, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev pabcuam dav dav hauv nroog, suburban, thiab thaj chaw deb.
● Siv tau zoo ntawm Fiber Resources: GPON txais ib tug point-to-multipoint architecture, siv splitters faib ib fiber ntau rau ntau tus neeg siv, txo cov nqi fiber ntau.
● Kev Pabcuam Yooj Yim: GPON tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntau yam kev pabcuam, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv, video, thiab lub suab, ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam.
Kev sib piv ntawm OLT thiab ONT
OLT (Optical Line Terminal)
● Kev Ua Haujlwm: OLT yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), nyob hauv lub chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv nruab nrab (CO). Nws sib txuas lus nrog ntau ONTs (Optical Network Terminals), tswj thiab tswj tag nrho PON network, thiab xa cov teeb liab los ntawm ONTs mus rau tus neeg muab kev pab cuam lub cev pob txha.
● Qhov chaw: Feem ntau nyob hauv ib lub chaw muab ntaub ntawv lossis lub chaw muab kev pabcuam.
● Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:
1. Kev faib tawm bandwidth
2. Muab cov ntaub ntawv, lub suab, thiab kev pabcuam video
3. Tswj thiab tswj PON network
4. Interfacing nrog cov tub ntxhais network
ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
● Muaj nuj nqi: ONT yog lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv GPON system, nyob ntawm tus neeg siv kawg. Nws hloov cov teeb liab kho qhov muag mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob uas cov neeg siv khoom siv tau, xws li Ethernet, Wi-Fi, lossis xov tooj teeb liab.
● Qhov chaw: Nruab ntawm tus neeg siv kawg lub tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm.
● Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:
1. Txais thiab xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag
2. Muab kev sib txuas hauv zos (xws li Ethernet ports, Wi-Fi)
3. Txhawb ntau yam kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv (xws li kev siv internet, IPTV, VoIP)
GPON OLT thiab ONT Ports
GPON OLT Chaw nres nkoj
● PON Chaw Nres Nkoj: Txuas mus rau optical splitter (Optical Distribution Network), txhawb nqa txog 64 lossis 128 ONTs.
● Uplink Ports: Txuas mus rau lub chaw muab kev pabcuam lub network tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog gigabit lossis 10-gigabit Ethernet ports.
● Ethernet Ports: Siv rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev saib xyuas hauv zos.
● Tswj Chaw nres nkoj: Rau cov thawj coj hauv network los tswj thiab teeb tsa lub cuab yeej.
GPON ONT Chaw nres nkoj
● PON Chaw Nres Nkoj: Txuas rau lub network faib khoom kho qhov muag.
● Ethernet Ports (LAN Ports): Txuas rau tus neeg siv lub computer, router, lossis hloov.
● Xov tooj Chaw nres nkoj (POTS Ports): Txuas mus rau cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj analog.
● Wi-Fi: Muab kev sib txuas hauv wireless (muaj nyob rau ntawm qee yam ONT).
● Video Ports: Txuas rau lub TV lossis lub thawv teeb tsa.
GPON OLT thiab ONT hauv Broadband Networks
Nyob rau hauv broadband tes hauj lwm, GPON OLT thiab ONT yog kev cob cog rua los ntawm ib tug passive optical network, muab high-speed internet nkag thiab lwm yam kev pab cuam rau cov neeg siv kawg.
● High Bandwidth: GPON thev naus laus zis txhawb nqa tus nqi qis mus txog 2.5Gbps thiab tus nqi nce mus txog 1.25Gbps.
● Kev Pab Them Ntev Ntev: Nws txhawb kev pab cuam tshaj li 20 mais deb.
● Kev faib Bandwidth kom muaj txiaj ntsig: Los ntawm TDM (Lub Sijhawm Division Multiplexing) thiab WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technologies, nws ua tiav kev faib thiab siv tau zoo.
● Kev Pabcuam Ntau Yam: Muab ntau yam kev pabcuam xws li internet, IPTV, thiab VoIP.
GPON OLT thiab ONT Deployment
Kev xa tawm
1. Kev Npaj thiab Tsim: Txiav txim siab txog thaj tsam kev pab them nqi thiab cov neeg siv khoom, thiab tsim PON network topology.
2. Fiber Installation: Pw cov fiber ntau los ntawm OLT mus rau tus neeg siv kawg thiab nruab optical splitters ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog.
3. Kev teeb tsa OLT: Nruab cov khoom siv OLT hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab, txuas lub uplink thiab lub zog, thiab teeb tsa lub cuab yeej.
4. Kev teeb tsa ONT: Nruab cov khoom siv ONT ntawm tus neeg siv kawg, txuas cov fiber ntau thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv.
5. Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev debugging: xyuas kom txhua qhov kev sib txuas yog qhov qub, ua cov teeb liab kuaj, thiab ua kom zoo dua kev ua haujlwm hauv network.
6. Tus Neeg Siv Khoom Siv: Kho cov neeg siv nyiaj thiab cov kev pabcuam kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg siv tuaj yeem nkag tau cov kev pabcuam hauv network kom raug.
Kev txiav txim siab
● Fiber Zoo: Ua kom zoo ntawm cov fibers thiab cov khoom sib txuas kom txo tau cov teeb liab poob thiab qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
● Equipment Compatibility: Ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm OLT thiab ONT cov khoom siv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev sib txuas.
● Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Network: Txhim kho cov kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb kom tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev nkag tsis tau thiab tawm tsam.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: GPON yog dab tsi?
A: GPON stands rau Gigabit Passive Optical Network, fiber ntau optic thev naus laus zis uas xa cov ntaub ntawv, lub suab, thiab kev pabcuam video rau cov neeg siv kawg ntawm ib qho fiber ntau.
Q: Dab tsi yog OLT hauv GPON network?
A: OLT sawv cev rau Optical Line Terminal. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntaus ntawv hauv GPON network uas tswj thiab tswj tag nrho lub network. OLT txuas mus rau Optical Distribution Network (ODN) thiab faib cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab lub suab los ntawm cov neeg siv mus rau qhov chaw tsim nyog.
Q: Dab tsi yog ONT hauv GPON network?
A: ONT stands rau Optical Network Terminal. Nws yog lub cuab yeej nyob ntawm tus neeg siv khoom thaj chaw uas txuas rau OLT ntawm ODN. ONT module ntawm ODN tau txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub suab teeb liab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg thiab GPON network.
Q: Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm OLT hauv GPON network?
A: Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm OLT hauv GPON network yog:
● Tswj thiab tswj tag nrho lub network.
● Muab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab lub suab tsheb khiav los ntawm cov neeg siv.
● Dynamic bandwidth faib kom ntseeg tau tias kev siv cov peev txheej hauv network tau zoo.
● Txhawb ntau yam kev pabcuam xws li VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) thiab streaming video.
Q: Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm ONT hauv GPON network?
A: Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ONT hauv GPON network yog:
● Tau txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub suab teeb liab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg thiab GPON network.
● Hloov cov teeb liab kho qhov muag rau cov teeb liab hluav taws xob sib haum nrog cov neeg siv khoom.
● Muab kev sib txuas rau kev sib txuas cov neeg siv khoom xws li khoos phis tawj, xov tooj, thiab TV rau GPON network.
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm GPON thiab EPON yog dab tsi?
A: GPON thiab EPON yog ob qho tib si PON (Passive Optical Network) technologies tab sis ua raws cov qauv sib txawv. GPON ua raws li ITU-T G.984 tus qauv, thaum EPON ua raws li IEEE 802.3ah tus qauv. GPON paub txog nws cov bandwidth siab dua thiab dav dua, thaum EPON yog tus nqi ntau dua thiab muaj cov qauv yooj yim dua.
Q: Dab tsi yog Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation hauv GPON?
A: Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation hauv GPON yog ib lub tswv yim uas tso cai rau OLT faib cov bandwidth muaj raws li qhov xav tau tam sim no ntawm ONTs. Los ntawm dynamically kho cov bandwidth faib rau sib txawv ONTs raws li lawv cov kev xav tau ntawm kev khiav tsheb, nws ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev siv cov peev txheej hauv network.
Q: Tus qauv GPON yog dab tsi?
A: Tus qauv GPON yog tus qauv ITU-T G.984, uas txhais cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag siv Gigabit PON thev naus laus zis. Nws qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev sib txuas uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv, suab, thiab yees duab hauv GPON network.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm GPON hauv fiber ntau optic tes hauj lwm?
A: GPON ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau los ntawm kev muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev xa cov kev pabcuam siab ceev rau cov neeg siv kawg. Nws tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau thiab txhawb nqa ntau yam kev pabcuam xws li kev siv internet, VoIP, thiab streaming video. GPON kuj txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm lub network scalability thiab yav tom ntej-pov thawj.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm GPON tshaj li ib txwm tooj liab tes hauj lwm?
A: Qee qhov zoo ntawm GPON tshaj cov xov tooj tooj liab suav nrog:
● Lub peev xwm bandwidth siab dua rau kev nrawm dua thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv internet.
● Kev pab cuam ntev dua, tso cai rau kev pabcuam rau thaj tsam loj dua.
● Kev saib xyuas qis dua thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam vim yog siv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev.
● Muaj peev xwm xa tau ntau yam kev pabcuam (cov ntaub ntawv, lub suab, video) dhau ib qho kev sib txuas fiber ntau.
Q: Dab tsi modules siv rau GPON OLT PON chaw nres nkoj, GE optical ports, thiab XGE chaw nres nkoj?
A: GE optical ports siv tus qauv 1G SFP optical modules, XGE optical ports siv tus qauv 10G SFP + optical modules, thiab qhov kev ncua deb nyob ntawm tus neeg siv khoom tiag tiag. Kuv lub tuam txhab GPON modules specifications yog:
Nruab Nrab Optical Output Power:
B+: +1.5 rau +5dBm
C+: +3 rau +8dBm
C++: +4 rau +10dBm
rhiab heev:
B+: -28dBm
C+/C++: -30dBm
Saturation:
B+: -8dBm
C+/C++: -10dBm
Q: Peb puas tuaj yeem GPON OLT txuas nrog ONUs los ntawm lwm hom, xws li Huawei thiab ZTE?
A: GPON OLTs ua raws li ITU-T G.984 tus qauv, thiab ONUs los ntawm lwm lub npe kuj ua raws li tus qauv no yam tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau sib xws.
Q: Muaj pes tsawg GPON ONUs tuaj yeem txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj PON ntawm GPON OLT txhawb nqa?
A: Raws li txoj cai, GPON txhawb nqa 1: 128 cais piv. Nws raug nquahu kom muaj tsawg dua 128 tus neeg siv ib qho chaw nres nkoj PON, feem ntau xav txog yav tom ntej cov neeg siv kev hloov kho bandwidth thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj PON. Ib qho PON chaw nres nkoj ntawm GPON OLT muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws downstream ntawm 2.5Gbps.