Sab nraum zoovFiber Optic Cable: Hom, Kev Ntsuas, thiab Daim Ntawv Thov
Q3 Kawg, tus thawj coj ntawm kev yuav khoom los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj sab hnub tuaj Asia tau xa kuv daim ntawv qhia tsis ua haujlwm. Ntug hiav txwv dav hlau fiber ntau xa tawm hauv 2021, lub tsho dav dav tawg hauv qis dua peb xyoos. Tus neeg muag khoom tau hais tias nws tau khoov lub vojvoog ua txhaum thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Tus neeg teb xov tooj taw tes rau UV stabilizer formulation. Thib peb-IEC 60794 kev sim tshuaj kho nws: carbon dub cov ntsiab lus hauv qab spec.
Qhov no tshwm sim ntau dua li leej twg lees paub rau pej xeem.
Sab nraum zoov fiber ntau cable xaiv spans plaub qhov ntev ntawm kev ywj pheej: kev tsim qauv, kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig, kev ntsuas hluav taws xob, kev qhia fiber ntau. Tau txais ib qho tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab 25- xyoo khoom vaj khoom tsev dhau los ua 5- xyoo mob taub hau. Peb tuav ib qho kev tsim nyog matrix sab hauv npog kev teeb tsa thoob plaws thaj chaw huab cua, txoj kev teeb tsa, suav fiber ntau. Dab tsi hauv qab no yog cov feem peb tuaj yeem faib. Cov neeg muag khoom kev sib tham leverage, tsis ua hauj lwm tus nqi sib piv, lub regional tus nqi benchmarks-cov neeg xav tau kev sib tham tshwj xeeb project.
Tus nqi tiag tiag: Dab tsi RFQs Miss
Feem ntau cov neeg yuav khoom sib piv tus nqi cable ib 'meter'. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau khiav qis dua 20% ntawm kev siv lub neej.
Peb 2024 tus qauv sab hauv rub los ntawm 17 txoj haujlwm thoob plaws North America, Southeast Asia, South America:
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qauv: 50km Backbone / 96-Core Ib Hom
| Qeb Nqi | Aerial (Tsuas muaj ncej) | Direct Burial | Cov kav dej (New) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khoom siv Cable | $138,000 | $215,000 | $156,000 |
| Civil / Pole Lease | $485,000 (20-xyoo) | $1,890,000 | $2,340,000 |
| Installation Labor | $267,000 | $412,000 | $178,000 |
| ROW + Ua raws cai | $85,000 | $340,000 | $420,000 |
| 20-Xyoo O&M Reserve | $380,000 | $95,000 | $45,000 |
Qhov O&M qhov sib txawv rau saum huab cua? Cua daj cua dub puas, tsheb tsoo, zaub, tub sab. Peb lub tebchaws Philippines qhov nruab nrab $ 18,000 / km ib xyoos twg hauv typhoon- lub caij so fiber ntau. Kev faus ncaj qha yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi ib zaug ua tiav -tshwj tsis yog ib tus neeg khawb los ntawm nws.
Dab tsi lub rooj tsis ntes: ROW cov sijhawm tau txais. Daim ntawv tso cai hauv av hauv qee lub nroog rub 18 lub hlis. Lub sijhawm nruj qee zaum ua rau huab cua tsuas yog kev xaiv tiag tiag, kev lag luam ib sab.
Loose Tube, Central Tube, Micro Cable
Tus qauv tsim tswj cov lus teb rau qhov kub thiab txias viav vias thiab mechanical stress.
Lub cev xoobcia cov fibers ntab hauv dej- cov hlab thaiv. Thermal cycling? Fiber thiab tsho txav ntawm nws tus kheej. Corning ALTOS, CommScope OSP kab -ob leeg siv qhov no. Ua haujlwm rau huab cua, faus, duct.
Central rajconcentrates txhua yam hauv ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv tsawg dua, kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Belden muaj 2-24 fiber ntau xaiv ntawm no. Nqi-sensitive faib khiav.
Micro cables ntsws txoj kab uas hla 40-50% piv rau cov pa xoob raj. Tsim los rau microduct tshuab. Corning MiniXtend HD mus rau 288 fibers. Kev nthuav dav hauv nroog nrog cov ducts nruj uas twb muaj lawm tuaj yeem hla cov kev ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem tshiab. Kev tiv thaiv kev siv tshuab raug kev txom nyem txawm tias -tsis yog rau qhov chaw muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm koj qhov suav fiber ntau, txoj kev teeb tsa, cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm. Peb ua haujlwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov haujlwm tiag tiag.
Qhov twg qauv hits lub sij hawm: splicing. Peb cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tiav 144-fiber ribbon kaw hauv 1.5-2 teev. Tib suav nyob rau hauv cov qauv xoob raj? Tshaj 10 teev. Kev ua haujlwm khiav 60-80% ntawm tus nqi xa tawm. Ua lej.
Gel-Filled vs. Dry Water Blocking
Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug uas kuv tau txais.
Gel-Tau
Gel- ntim cov roj av sib xyaw rau hauv txhua qhov khoob. Dej tsis muaj qhov twg mus. Submarine hla, thaj tsam dej nyab, tsis tu ncua submersion-gel yog cov lus teb.
Ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas, txhua lub raj yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov kuab tshuaj. 90+ vib nas this ntxiv rau ib lub raj . 144- fiber ntau kaw ntxiv tshaj 100 feeb. Ntxiv rau qhov hnyav logistics thiab pov tseg ua raws li qee thaj tsam.
Dej qhuav-Kev thaiv
Cov dej qhuav- thaiv kev siv cov polymers superabsorbent uas o ntawm kev sib cuag. Sterlite cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog 6% qhov hnyav txo piv rau gel, ua kom ntev rub. Tsis muaj kev ntxuav cov kauj ruam - sawb thiab splice.
Qhuav muaj ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm hom gel tsis: longitudinal migration. Gel muaj cov dej hauv zos txawm tias muaj qhov ua txhaum ntawm lub plhaub. Qhuav SAP absorbs dej, ces noo noo mus raws fiber ntau kev taw qhia. Point puas ua span puas.
Txias-thaw yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Canadian tej yaam num qhia SAP mus nkig tom qab -40℃lub caij ntuj no, poob kev ua haujlwm tag nrho. Cov huab cua txias heev nyiam gel rau kev ntseeg tau ntev.
Peb cov txheej txheem xaiv: gel rau kev txuas mus ntxiv, thaj chaw permafrost, cov ntsiab lus sib txuas xav tau rov qab - nkag. Tag nrho lwm yam defaults qhuav. Vertical khiav yuav tsum qhuav -gel migrate downwards.
Jacket Materials: Dab tsi "PE" Tiag Tiag
Cable markings hais tias "PE tsho." Lawv tsis hais yam twg.
HDPE muab siab tshaj crush kuj thiab UV stability. Direct faus, submarine - qhia HDPE. Rigidity yog siab dua, uas zawm khoov vojvoog txwv thiab nyuaj routing.
MDPE balances kev tiv thaiv nrog yooj. Feem ntau cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov kav dej siv nws vim tias cov neeg teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog nws yooj yim dua.
Degradation Tracking
Peb taug qab lub tsho degradation thoob plaws cheeb tsam huab cua. Cov suab puam ib puag ncig tau hloov pauv ib puag ncig 15 xyoo. Cov cheeb tsam huab cua ncav cuag 25+. Qhov tseem ceeb uas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kev ua neej nyob.
Txhua lub tsho PE sab nraum zoov xav tau cov pa roj carbon dub rau UV stabilization. Hla qhov additive thiab koj tau tawg hauv 2-3 xyoos. Cov neeg tsim khoom raug cai paub qhov no. Cov neeg muab khoom thib ob thiab cov "sib npaug" hloov qee zaum tsis ua. Qhov kev ua tsis tiav Cov Neeg Esxias Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj Kuv tau hais? Cov ntsiab lus carbon dub.
Fiber xaiv: G.652, G.655, G.657
ITU-T txhais pawg. Kev yuav khoom yuav tsum paub qhov sib txawv qhov twg tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw.
- G.652.D
- Npog ntau dua 60% ntawm kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb. Zero-dispersion ntawm 1310nm, attenuation nyob rau hauv 0.35 dB/km ntawm 1550nm. Tsis muaj kev cai tshwj xeeb? Qhov no yog default.
- G.655
- Hloov xoom-dispersion tawm ntawm 1550nm, suppressing plaub-wave mixing hauv DWDM. Muaj feem xyuam thaum kho qhov muag spans tshaj 80km.
- G.657
- Yog khoov-insensitive. A1 tso cai 10 hli vojvoog, A2 tso cai 7.5 hli, B3 tso cai 5 hli.
Nov yog qee yam uas tib neeg tsis nco: A1 piv rau A2 ua rau yuav luag tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev teeb tsa. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsis tau khoov rau qhov kawg thaum ua haujlwm tiag tiag. A2 nqi 8-12% ntau dua.
Peb khiav qhov muag tsis pom kev kuaj hauv 2022. Tib qhov chaw, A1 thiab A2 poob cable, nug cov neeg ua haujlwm tom qab yog lawv pom dab tsi. Lawv qhia tsis tau.
B3's 5mm lub vojvoog yog rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw thaj chaw qaum thiab ultra-cov ntaub thaiv npog. Tsis yog sab nraum zoov cable thaj chaw. Sib xyaw nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam G.652.D, B3 yog hom teb txoj kab uas hla tsis sib haum xeeb -splice poob nce mus. Peb teev A1 rau sab nraum zoov. A2 premium tsis them.
Kev ntsuas hluav taws: OFNP, OFNR, LSZH
North American NEC thiab European CPR ntsuas qhov sib txawv. Tsis interchangeable.
OFNP
Dhau NFPA 262 nplaim hluav taws kis thiab kev sim ntsuas pa taws. Yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv pem teb tsa hauv North American cov ntaub ntawv chaw, hauv HVAC plenums. Point tsis yog hluav taws kub tsis kam-nws ua kom hluav taws tsis muaj cua tshuab.
OFNR
Dhau UL 1666 ntsug nplaim kuaj. Lub tsev ncej khiav ntawm cov plag tsev. OFNP hloov rau OFNR. Rov qab tsim cov cai ua txhaum cai.
LSZH
Hais txog cov pa roj toxic thaum combustion. European CPR txoj cai. Subways, tunnels, tshav dav hlau, tsev kho mob-txhua qhov chaw uas tsis muaj qhov cua xav tau LSZH thoob ntiaj teb.
Kuv pheej pom qhov yuam kev qub: LSZH tau teev tseg rau North American plenums, OFNP tau teev tseg rau European cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Cov no ntsuas txawv cov khoom. LSZH yog pa luam yeeb. OFNP yog nplaim hluav taws. Cable yuav ntsib ib qho, ob qho tib si, tsis yog.
European DCs feem ntau xav tau Cca. Cov tsev kho mob thiab txoj kev egress xav tau B2ca.
Khoov Radius: Qhov Chaw Warranties Tuag
Chaw tsim tshuaj paus kev cob qhia hammers qhov no: khoov vojvoog ua txhaum cai ua warranty thov tsis kam lees.
Cov qauv hu rau 15-20x cable OD thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa hauv qhov nro, so rau 10-15x hauv lub xeev zoo li qub. Cov lej tseeb txawv ntawm kev tsim kho-xyuas cov ntawv spec.
Pom nws ntau zaus: installer khoov hauv qab yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev yooj yim dua, kev lees paub dhau los, teeb liab degradation qhia txog 6-12 lub hlis tom qab. Thaum lub sij hawm teeb meem pom qhov khoov vojvoog qhov teeb meem, warranty yog voided. Kev teeb tsa yuam kev.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj los ntawm European DC: OM4 khoov rau 25mm tiv thaiv 35mm yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Pib xeem zoo. Yim lub hlis tom qab, 100Gbps kev sib txuas degraded. $2,000 rau ib qho kev kho txuas ntxiv ntxiv rau lub sijhawm poob.
Khiav tshaj 100 ko taw yuav tsum xa daim duab-8, tsis yooj yim coils. Tiv thaiv kev sib tw nco uas curls cable thiab tsim cov ntsiab lus kev ntxhov siab tom qab kev teeb tsa.
Cov Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Muag Khoom
Los ntawm peb sab hauv SOP, cov khoom sib koom:
Jacket ceev:tsis lees paub generic "PE." Yuav tsum tau HDPE lossis MDPE meej meej.
Cov ntaub ntawv xeem:post-kab ntsuas ntsuas, tsis ua ntej-kab fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Cable cuam tshuam rau attenuation.
UV stabilization:paub meej tias cov pa roj carbon dub rau kev raug sab nraum zoov.
Kev thaiv dej:qhia gel los yog qhuav. Tsis txhob cia nws mus rau cov chaw muag khoom.
Khoov vojvoog:tau tensioned thiab static muaj nuj nqis. Qee cov tuam txhab lag luam tsuas yog luam tawm zoo li qub.
Qhov ntsuas hluav taws kub:cov npe tiag tiag-OFNP, OFNR, Cca-tsis yog "flame retardant."
SPC cov ntaub ntawv:batch tsis sib xws dhau ib qho - qauv ua haujlwm.
Kev tsim nyog hauv paus. Kev sib tham ntawm tus neeg muag khoom, kev tshuaj xyuas tsis ua haujlwm, lwm yam khoom siv - sib tham sib txawv.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej
Txhua qhov project muaj qhov sib txawv qhov kev teeb tsa zoo. Txoj kev teeb tsa, kev nyab xeeb, suav fiber ntau, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv zos, regs hauv zos. Cov sib txawv sib xyaw ua ke los txiav txim siab xaiv tiag tiag.
Pab neeg ua haujlwm engineering tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb raws li koj qhov kev txwv. Ntsuam xyuas cov neeg xa khoom lossis kev xaiv, xa cov kev xav tau dhau los.
Hu rau daim ntawv lossis ncaj qha rau kev muag khoom.
