Tib hom vs Multimode Fiber: nrug, ceev, thiab nqi ntsuas
Rau kev ncua deb ntawm 100 meters, multimode fiber ntau xa 30-50% qis dua tag nrho cov nqi txuas-tab sis ib hom dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv pheej yig thaum twg cov kev sib txuas ntau dua 150 meters lossis thaum npaj rau 400G+ nrawm.Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tsis txaus ntseeg no tshwm sim los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntawm cov tswv yim hyperscaler data center, IEEE specifications, thiab tiag - ntiaj teb kev lag luam tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Meta's engineering team nrhiav pom tias ib hom nqi qis dua thiab yav tom ntej - pov thawj muaj peev xwm xa tauqis dua tus nqi ntawm cov tswv cuabtshaj multimode rau lawv 100G data center deployments. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb tsis yog fiber ntau lossis tus nqi transceiver hauv kev cais tawm - nws yog qhov nkag siab qhov twg koj tag nrho cov nqi sib tw ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob.
Kev lag luam fiber ntau optics tab tom muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb. LightCounting qhia tias100G-800G ib hom transceivers tam sim no sawv cev 60% ntawm tag nrho cov transceiver lag luam ntim, uas tau tsav los ntawm hyperscaler kev yuav khoom lub zog uas tau tawg lub keeb kwm tus nqi hwm. Lub caij no, multimode tseem nyob rau hauv luv luv - mus txog cov ntawv thov, nrog Corning cov ntaub ntawv qhia95% ntawm kev xa tawm OM3 channel ua haujlwm hauv qab 100 meters. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no muab cov thawj tswj kev muag khoom thiab cov kws ua haujlwm hauv lub network nrog cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, qauv nqi, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab xav tau los txhim kho kev xaiv fiber ntau rau lawv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Vim li cas tus nqi cable qhia tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg
Cov kev txawj ntse uas "multimode pheej yig dua" inverts thaum kuaj cov nqi lag luam tiag. Raw fiber nqi qhia qhov tseeb xav tsis thoob:ib hom OS2 fiber ntau nqi $0.06-0.10 ib 'meter' piv rau $0.25-0.32 ib 'meter' rau OM4 multimode-a 60-70% premium rau multimode cable. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm tus nqi no tshwm sim vim hais tias multimode's graded-index core yuav tsum muaj kev tsim khoom ntau dua li ib hom kev tsim cov kauj ruam-index.
Qhov twg multimode rov qab nws cov nqi kom zoo dua yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi transceiver. Kev ua lag luam tam sim no (Lub Ib Hlis 2025) qhia qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb:
| Ceev | Multimode (SR) | Ib hom (LR/DR) | SM hwm |
|---|---|---|---|
| SFP + (10G) | $20-25 | $27-34 | 35-40% |
| QSFP28 (100G) | $99 | $209-399 | 110-300% |
| QSFP-DD (400G) | $219 | $549-719 | 150-230% |
Rau 100G txuas ntawm 50 meters, qhov kev suav ua tiav qhia tau hais tias: multimode path raug nqi kwv yees li$115(optics + cable) piv$217rau ib hom - qhov kom zoo dua multimode. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm 150 meters, qhov sib txawv no tsuas yog $ 74, thiab dhau 200 meters, multimode ua rau lub cev ua tsis tau rau 100G thaum ib hom txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
Covcrossover point tshwm sim ntawm 200-250 metersrau 100 Gbps daim ntawv thov. Cov koom haum yuav tsum suav lawv qhov tshwj xeeb txuas txuas ntev ua ntej txiav txim siab yuav khoom.
IEEE 802.3 nrug txwv txhua tus engineer yuav tsum paub
Cov qauv IEEE 802.3 txhais cov kev txwv lub cev nyuaj uas txwv kev xaiv fiber ntau. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb no tiv thaiv kev xa khoom tsis zoo.
Multimode fiber ntau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qib
| Ceev | OM 1 | OM 2 | OM 3 | OM 4 | OM 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Gb/s (SX) | 275m | 550m | 550m | 550m | 550m |
| 10 Gb/s (SR) | 33m | 82m | 300m | 400m | 400m |
| 25 Gb/s (SR) | N/S | N/S | 70m | 100m | 100m |
| 40 Gb/s (SR4) | N/S | N/S | 100m | 150m | 150m |
| 100 Gb/s (SR4) | N/S | N/S | 70m | 100m | 100m |
| 400 Gb/s (SR8) | N/S | N/S | 70m | 100m | 100m |
*N/S=Tsis Txaus Siab. OM4 tuaj yeem ua tiav 550m ntawm 10G nrog kev ua kom zoo fiber ntau rau TIA txuas ntxiv cov lus qhia.
Modal bandwidth (EMB) ncaj qha txiav txim siab cov kev txwv no. OM3 ua2,000 MHz · kmKev ntsuas ntsuas txwv 10G rau 300 meters, thaum OM4's4,700 MHz · kmtxuas qhov no mus rau 400-550 meters. Lub physics tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau- dhau qhov kev ncua deb no ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev me ntsis thiab txuas tsis ua haujlwm txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej zoo.
Tib hom tshem tawm modal dispersion nkaus. Ib qho OS2 fiber ntau cog txhawb kev nrawm ntawm 1G txog 400G nrog transceiver hloov ib leeg:
| Daim ntawv thov | Lub wavelength | Max nrug |
|---|---|---|
| 10GBASE-LR | 1310nm ua | 10km ua |
| 100GBASE-LR4 | 4 × WDM | 10km ua |
| 400GBASE-FR4 | 4 × WDM | 2km ua |
| 400GBASE-LR8 | 8 × WDM | 10km ua |
Qhov no "xa tawm ib zaug, txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob" muaj peev xwm piav qhia vim li cas Meta, Google, thiab AWS tau tsim qauv ntawm ib hom rau qaum- txheej txheej txheej.
Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab qhia qhov tseeb kev lag luam
Kev tsom xam TCO kom raug yuav tsum suav rau cov nqi teeb tsa, txhim kho lub voj voog, thiab cov nqi zais ntawm kev hloov fiber ntau hauv cov chaw nyob. Tiag -cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb no qhia tau hais tias kev txuag nyiaj pib yuav ua li cas ntev - lub sij hawm lav.
Scenario: 200-txuas kev lag luam xa tawm kev npaj 10G → 100G tsiv teb tsaws
Txoj Kev A: Multimode OM4 (tag nrho khiav qis dua 150m)
| Nqi Element | Xyoo 1 | Xyoo 3 | 5-Xyoo Tag Nrho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fiber infrastructure | €3,200 | €0 | €3,200 |
| 10G transceivers | €4,000 | - | €4,000 |
| 100G upgrade | - | €19,800 | €19,800 |
| Tag nrho | €7,200 | €19,800 | €27,000 |
Txoj Kev B: Tib Hom OS2
| Nqi Element | Xyoo 1 | Xyoo 3 | 5-Xyoo Tag Nrho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fiber infrastructure | €1,280 | €0 | €1,280 |
| 10G transceivers | €5,400 | - | €5,400 |
| 100G upgrade | - | €41,800 | €41,800 |
| Tag nrho | €6,680 | €41,800 | €48,480 |
Rau qhov xwm txheej no nrog luv luv, sib xws khiav, multimode xa€ 21,480 hauv kev khaws cia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no suav tias xoom fiber ntau hloov pauv- qhov kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai tau muab cov chaw hloov pauv ntau dua - xyoo horizons.
Tus nqi zais zais: fiber ntau hloov hauv cov chaw nyob
Thaum 15-20% ntawm cov kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab vim muaj kev txwv nyob deb lossis nthuav dav, kev lag luam rov qab zoo heev. Fiber hloov nyob rau hauv cov nqi chaw nyob€ 40-75 ib 'meter'-3-4 × tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab. Yog tias tsuas yog 40 ntawm 200 qhov txuas yuav tsum tau hloov ntawm 120-meter nruab nrab ntev:
Hloov tus nqi: 40 × € 60 / m × 120m=€ 28,800
Qhov no ib qho tseem ceeb thawb lub multimode 5-xyoo TCO rau€55,800, ua ib hom€48,480kev xaiv kev lag luam thaum muab 400G + kev txhim kho muaj peev xwm.
Data center scale cov lus pom zoo
- Cov ntaub ntawv me me (<500 servers): Multimode OM4 feem ntau pom zoo. Cov luv luv khiav qis dua 100m, qis dua transceiver suav ua kom pom tus nqi ib hom, thiab 10G-25G nrawm txaus rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov.
- Cov chaw nruab nrab cov ntaub ntawv (500-5,000 servers): Case-los ntawm- yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov xwm txheej. Mixed distances xav tau kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm caj qaum tshaj 150m, ib hom rau txha nraub qaum txheej nrog multimode rau kev nkag tau ua rau kev nkag siab txog kev lag luam.
- Large data centers (>5,000 servers): Ib hom nyiam. Kev ncua ntev ntawm cov nqaj qaum / nplooj hloov pauv, 100G-400G ceev tus qauv, thiab yav tom ntej- pov thawj tseem ceeb. Hyperscalers tau universally tau txais qhov no mus kom ze-Meta tus nqi txuas tag nrho kev txheeb xyuas pom tau hais tias ib hom yog qhov pheej yig dua ntawm 100G thaum muab tag nrho cov khoom.
Insider paub los ntawm network engineers nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob
Kev sib tham hauv lub rooj sab laj qhia txog cov kev xav tau uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv muag khoom. Cov kev nkag siab no yog los ntawm engineers daws teeb meem kev xa tawm tiag.
Cov kab mob fiber ntau ua rau 80% ntawm cov teeb meem fiber ntau.Ib qho 1-micrometer plua plav particle ntawm ib hom tseem ceeb tuaj yeem thaiv 1% ntawm lub teeb xa mus (0.05dB poob). Kev pom zoo ntawm thaj chaw: "Koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb nws puas huv ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Cov plua plav me me uas koj tsis tuaj yeem pom nws yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tuaj yeem thaiv lub teeb kis tau tag nrho." Tsis txhob xav tias cov khoom txuas tshiab tawm ntawm lub ntim yog huv si -ib txwm tshuaj xyuas, ntxuav, thiab tshuaj xyuas dua siv cov ntub dej- kom qhuav nrog cov tshuaj fiber ntau optic tu, tsis yog isopropyl cawv.
Hom txias patch cables yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qee qhov sib xyaw ua ke.Siv 1000BASE-LX/LH transceivers dhau OM1/OM2 fiber ntau yam tsis muaj hom txias cables txaus ntshai ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev me ntsis thiab txais kev puas tsuaj. Conversely, tsis txhob siv hom txias cables nrog OM3/OM4-lawv tau tsim los rau laser-optimized fiber ntau thiab yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem.
OM5 kev kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb.Corning lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2024 kev tshuaj xyuas hais meej meej: "OM5 tsis muaj nqi piv rau OM4 thaum siv cov qauv sib tw-raws li 850nm optics" thiab sau ntawv "kev txais yuav qeeb heev" hauv khw. OM5 qhov txiaj ntsig- txhawb nqa luv-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SWDM) siv wavelengths 850-953nm-tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm 100-150 meters siv BiDi lossis SWDM transceivers. Rau feem ntau kev xa tawm, tus nqi tshaj OM4 tsis raug cai.
Khoov-kev xaiv fiber ntau tseem ceeb dua li cov ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb qhia.G.657.A1 thiab G.657.A2 fibers (10mm thiab 7.5mm yam tsawg kawg nkaus khoov vojvoog) yog tag nrho ua tau raws li tus qauv G.652D thiab yuav tsum tau teev tseg rau ib qho kev teeb tsa uas muaj cov ces kaum nruj los yog hauv - lub tsev routing. Txawm li cas los xij, G.657.B variants tsis sib haum nrog G.652D thiab tsuas yog siv rau luv luv - mus txog cov ntawv thov hauv qab 1km.
Hyperscaler cov tswv yim qhia txog kev lag luam
Meta, Google, Microsoft, thiab AWS sib sau ua ke ua haujlwm ntawm cov nplai uas muab kev pom zoo rau cov tswv yim zoo fiber ntau xyoo ua ntej kev lag luam saws.
Meta qhov kev txiav txim siab tsiv teb tsaws chaw 100G
Meta's engineering team tau ua tiav tag nrho cov nqi txuas txuas piv rau peb qhov xwm txheej ntawm 100Gbps: sib npaug sib npaug, sib npaug ib hom, thiab ob hom tib hom. Lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam kev txawj ntse:ib hom tag nrho txuas tus nqi (fiber + thaj vaj huam sib luag + transceivers) qis duatxawm tias tus nqi siab dua transceiver. Tsawg fiber ntau strands thiab thaj vaj huam sib luag offset tus nqi transceiver. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau pab txhawb CWDM4-OCP specification rau Open Compute Project, nrog rau kev so tsis tau (500m ncav cuag 2km, 3.5dB txuas pob nyiaj siv 5dB) optimized rau data center economics.
Meta tam sim no ua haujlwm 24 lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv nrog 94 tus neeg lub chaw tag nrho 48 lab square feet. Lawv F16 topology nrog Minipack keyboards txhawb 100G / 200G / 400G connectivity, nrog FR4 LITE optics optimized mus txog 500m fiber ntau txuas.
Microsoft lub hollow-core fiber innovation
Microsoft tau siv1,280 kilometers ntawm hollow{2}}core fibernqa ntau lawm tsheb. Lub teeb taug kev los ntawm cov tub ntxhais huab cua tsis yog iav, ua tiav33% qis latencythiab 45% kev sib kis ceev ceev. Rau latency-rhiab heev AI kev cob qhia cov haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag, cov thev naus laus zis no-ib zaug suav tias yog kev sim- tam sim no tsim tawm- npaj rau cov koom haum txaus siab los nqis peev hauv kev txiav- ntug kev tsim kho.
Lawv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Puget Sound lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm qhia ROI: siv lawv tus kheej optical network xa~ $ 2 lab nyiaj txhua xyoopiv rau leasing, nrog kev nqis peev rov qab nyob rau hauv qis dua ob xyoos thiab muab sijhawm txo los ntawm lub hlis mus rau ib hnub.
Google optical circuit switching mus kom ze
Google's Jupiter network xa13 Petabits/second bisection bandwidthsiv MEMS-raws li optical circuit switching uas maps input rau output fibers dynamically. Qhov no tsim cov txheej txheem kev xav tsis zoo uas tsis muaj pob khoom siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ntxiv thiab kev hloov kho nrawm nrawm yam tsis muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab. Lawv txoj hauv kev qhia tau hais tias rau lub tsev - nplai fabrics, software-txhais hloov kho qhov muag muab qhov yooj yim uas kho fiber ntau topologies tsis tuaj yeem sib xws.
AWS's scale nthuav qhia qhov nyuaj nyuaj
AWS ua haujlwm dhau9 lab kilometers ntawm fiber ntau optic cable- txaus kom ncav cuag lub ntiaj teb mus rau hli thiab rov qab 11 zaug. Lawv qhov loj tshaj plaws AI data center muaj100, 000+ fiber ntau txuasnyob rau hauv ib lub tsev. Ntawm qhov ntsuas no, AWS tau txav los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag mus rau kev cai- cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, tam sim no txhais lawv tus kheej cov qauv rau cov neeg muag khoom es tsis siv kev lag luam- dav dav. Lawv siv 400G-DR4+ rau sab hauv luv- ncav cuag kev sib txuas thiab 400G-LR4 rau kev sib txuas sab nraud ISP, thiab tau tso hollow- cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau rau hauv kev tsim khoom rau latency- cov ntawv thov nkag siab.
Kev hloov pauv 400G / 800G thiab multimode cov lus nug muaj sia nyob
Kev lag luam yog tsiv mus rau 400G, nrog 800G thiab 1.6T ntawm lub qab ntug. Kev nkag siab txog qhov kev hloov pauv no cuam tshuam li cas rau kev xaiv fiber ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab kev yuav khoom nrog ntau- xyoo qab ntug.
400G multimode tseem siv tau - nyob rau hauv kev txwv nruj
IEEE 802.3cm (2020) standardized ob 400G multimode xaiv:
- 400GBASE-SR88-fiber khub, ib lub wavelength (850nm), ncav cuag 70m ntawm OM3 thiab 100m ntawm OM4 / OM5
- 400GBASE-SR4.24-fiber khub, dual wavelength (850/910nm), ncav cuag 100m ntawm OM4 thiab 150m ntawm OM5 siv SWDM
Rau sab saum toj - ntawm - khib keyboards thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov hauv qab 100 meters, cov qauv no khaws cov khoom siv ntau hom nqi zoo. 400G SR8 transceiver ntawm$219piv rau DR4 ib hom ntawm$549sawv cev rau cov nyiaj khaws cia tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas.
Tib hom dominates dhau luv ncav cuag
Rau ib qho kev xa tawm 400G nrog kev sib txuas ntau dua 100-150 meters, ib hom yuav tsum tau ua. Tus qauv 400GBASE-DR4 muab500m ncav cuag ntawm duplex ib hom fiber ntau- txaus rau feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv chaw txha nraub qaum- txheej kev sib txuas. LightCounting cov ntaub ntawv qhia40% kev loj hlob hauv 400G / 800G transceiver xa khoom hauv 2024, nrog 800G transceivers ntsib100% xyoo-dhau- xyoo nce.
AI infrastructure nrawm nrawm rau ib hom kev saws me nyuam
AI kev cob qhia pawg tsim tsis tau muaj dua yav dhau los sab hnub tuaj - cov qauv kev tsheb mus rau sab hnub poob uas nyuaj rau cov qauv kev sib koom ua ke. NVIDIA's NDR InfiniBand kev sib txuas siv 400/800G SR4 / SR8 thiab DR4 / DR8 transceivers, nrog rau txhua GPU yuav tsum tau rau 6 lub qhov hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob siv kwv yees li 30W txhua. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj bandwidth ceev -400 Gbps rau GPU kev sib txuas, 3.2 Tbps rau 8-GPU server-nyiam ib hom ntawm bandwidth siab dua- khoom nyob deb.
Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam pom zoo tias los ntawm 2027,Tshaj li 70% ntawm AI cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib txuas yuav siv MTP lossis MTP-LC hybrid systems, nrog ib hom fiber ntau raws li tus qauv rau kev sib txuas tshaj sab saum toj - ntawm - khib.
Cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim yuav khoom thiab kev ua yuam kev ntau dhau los zam
Kev yuav khoom siv fiber ntau yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas zoo dua li tsis ua raws li kev xaiv keeb kwm.
Peb - txheej txheem xaiv
Kauj Ruam 1: Daim ntawv qhia koj qhov kev faib tawm nyob deb.Tshawb xyuas txhua qhov txuas ntev hauv koj qhov kev npaj xa tawm. Yog tias ib qho kev sib txuas siab tshaj 300 meters, ib hom yog xav tau rau cov kev khiav. Yog tias 15% + ntawm cov kev sib txuas poob ntawm 100-300 meters, ib hom yuav ua tau ntau dua kev lag luam.
Kauj ruam 2: Xam tag nrho cov nqi system, tsis yog cov nqi tivthaiv.Rau txhua tus neeg sib tw fiber ntau hom, suav nrog: (tus nqi cable ib meter × nruab nrab txuas ntev × txuas suav) + (tus nqi transceiver × txuas suav × 2) + ( kwv yees kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm) + (cov nqi kuaj / ntawv pov thawj). suav nrog 5-xyoo transceiver hloov pob nyiaj siv thiab cov nqi hloov pauv fiber ntau.
Kauj ruam 3: Siv lub neej yav tom ntej - pov thawj tus lej.Yog tias npaj yuav ua haujlwm rau qhov chaw rau 10+ xyoo, yog tias yuav tsum muaj bandwidth yuav tsum tau ua ob zaug hauv 5 xyoos, lossis yog tias tus nqi ntawm kev lag luam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov fiber ntau siab, hnyav ib hom kev xaiv ntau dua tsis hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau nyob deb tam sim no.
Kev ua yuam kev tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov nqi tag nrho
- xam cov nqi cable tsis muaj nqi transceiver: Transceivers feem ntau sawv cev 60-80% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi txuas ntawm 40G thiab siab dua
- Xav tias txhua qhov kev khiav yuav nyob luv: Kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev hloov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev nthuav dav muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv
- Qhia meej OM1 / OM2 rau txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab: Cov qib qub fiber ntau tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 10G tshaj 82 meters; ib txwm qhia OM3 yam tsawg kawg nkaus, zoo dua OM4
- Sib tov APC thiab UPC connectors: Ntsuab (APC) thiab xiav (UPC) connectors tsis interchangeable; kev sib xyaw ua rau muaj kev nkag siab siab thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev
- Hla kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej kuaj: Kev sib kis ua rau 80% ntawm kev ua tsis tiav; ib txwm ntxuav thiab tshuaj xyuas ua ntej kev lees paub
Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev lees txais
TIA-568.3-D yuav tsum tau kuaj Tier 1 (Optical Loss Test Set) rau daim ntawv pov thawj. Qhia meej qhov siab kawg connector poob ntawm0.75 dB rau ib khub niam txivthiab siab kawg splice poob ntawm0.1 dB rau fusion splices. Rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, yuav tsum tau kuaj Tier 2 (OTDR) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm tus kheej thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo. Xav tau bidirectional OTDR kuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau txhua qhov txuas.
Xaus: Qhov kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm koj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb
Ib hom kev txiav txim siab multimode defies universal cov lus teb. Rau cov chaw zov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev sib luag sub-100m khiav, ToR kev xa tawm, thiab pob nyiaj siv- txwv tsis pub nyob ze -lub sij hawm 400G cov cai, multimode OM4 muab cov nqi qis dua. Rau cov pob txha hauv tsev kawm ntawv, inter- tsim kev sib txuas, cov ntaub ntawv loj loj, thiab ib qho kev npaj xa mus rau 400G ceev, ib hom OS2 muab kev lag luam zoo dua thiab tshem tawm cov kev txwv kev hloov kho yav tom ntej.
Peb qhov kev nkag siab tseem ceeb yuav tsum coj cov kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom: Ua ntej,fiber ntau cable yog tus nqi me me-ib hom cable yog tiag tiag 60-70% pheej yig dua li multimode, nrog transceivers tsav tag nrho cov nqi sib txawv. Thib ob,crossover point tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm 200-250 metersrau 100G kev xa tawm, dhau ntawm hom ib leeg dhau los ua ob qho tib si technically xav tau thiab kev lag luam zoo dua. Peb,fiber hloov nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob tus nqi 3-4 × ntau tshaj li tshiab installation-Txhua yam kev pheej hmoo ntawm yav tom ntej re-kab kab hloov pauv hloov lub laij lej mus rau ib hom yav tom ntej- muaj peev xwm pov thawj.
Kev lag luam trajectory yog tseeb: hyperscalers tau standardized ntawm ib hom rau cov nqaj qaum infrastructure, 100G-800G ib hom transceivers tam sim no sawv cev rau 60% ntawm kev ua lag luam ntim, thiab AI cov ntaub ntawv chaw yuav tsum ceev no txoj kev hloov. Cov koom haum ua lag luam fiber ntau niaj hnub no yuav tsum hnyav lawv cov kev txiav txim siab raws li, paub tias xyoo tom ntej no yuav pom cov kev cai bandwidth uas ua rau niaj hnub no 400G zoo li qub.
