Optical fibers, luv luv rau qhov muag fibers, yog cov cuab yeej ua lub teeb ci uas siv lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv fibers tau ntawm iav los yog yas. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau tau tsim los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Suav University ntawm Hong Kong. Cov nplua nuj fiber ntau nyob hauv lub hnab yas uas tau tso cai rau nws khoov tsis zais. Feem ntau, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob rau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab kis tau ib lub teeb mem tsuj kom muaj fiber ntau qhov muag uas siv lub teeb emitting diode (LED, LED) los yog ib kab teeb laser, teeb pom kev tuaj yeem ua kom pom kev ua pa. Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub, optical fiber yog siv raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntev-kis kis tau yooj yim vim hais tias txoj kev tswj tsis tau ntawm lub teeb rau cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog qis tshaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm hluav taws xob xaim.
1. Lub teeb yog ib qho hauv lub tshuab electromagnetic Tus pom lub teeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub wavelength yog: 390 ~ 760nm (nano) siab tshaj 760nm ib feem ntawm lub teeb ci duab infrared, tsawg dua 390nm ib feem ntawm daim ntaub ntawv ultraviolet light fiber yog:. 850 nm, 1310, 1550 peb. 2. Lub laj thawj, lub hauv paus, thiab tag nrho qhov seem ntawm lub teeb. Vim hais tias qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb tawm hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, thaum lub teeb tawm ntawm ib cov khoom mus rau lwm, refraction thiab reflection yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub interface nruab nrab ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub teeb pauv ntawm lub teeb ci nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov teeb meem. Thaum lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub teeb meem ncav cuag los yog ntau tshaj ib qho lub kaum ntse ntse, lub teeb ci tsis tau yuav ploj thiab teeb meem yuav pom tau rov qab. Qhov no yog qhov qhia tag nrho ntawm lub teeb. Cov khoom sib txawv nyias muaj qhov sib txawv rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tib lub wavelength (uas yog, ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau lub teeb refraction indexes), thiab tib cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau txoj kab zauv rau txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb. Optical fiber communication yog ua raws li cov qauv saum toj no.
1. Fiber qauv:
Fibre fiber ntau feem ntau muab faib rau peb cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khab-siab (lub ntsiab nruab nrab yog feem ntau 50 lossis 62.5μm), nruab nrab yog qhov tsis tshua muaj siab hlo thim qhov siab (qhov kab yog 125μm feem ntau), lub qhov kawg yog lub dag zog ntawm lub txheej xwm txheej.
2. Numerical aperture:
Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub tshuab tsis muaj peev xwm yuav kis tau tag nrho los ntawm cov roj, tab sis tsuas yog muaj xwm txheej nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov ces kaum. Lub kaum sab xis no yog hu ua qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj. Qhov loj tshaj plaws numerical aperture ntawm fiber yog advantageous rau mating ntawm optical fibers. Lub pluaj aperture ntawm cov fibers uas ua los ntawm txawv manufacturers txawv (AT & T CORNING).
3. Hom fiber ntau:
Muaj ntau ntau hom fibers, thiab nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, qhov kev xav tau thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Txawm li cas los, txoj ntsiab cai ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim fibers rau cable TV thiab kev sib txuas lus yog tib yam, xws li: 1 tsawg poob; 2 muaj ib cov kab bandwidth thiab me dispersion; 3 yooj yim thaiv; 4 yooj yim los tsim; 5 muaj kev ntseeg siab; 6 kev sib piv ua yoojyim; 7 pheej yig thiab hais txog. Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov muag fibers yog tsuas yog raws li kev ua hauj lwm wavelength, txhim kho cov qauv qis dua, kev sib kis, cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab kev tsim. Ntau cov qauv kev faib tawm muaj raws li nram no.
(1 ) Kev siv wavelengths: UV fiber, pom fiber ntau, fiber ntau ze, infrared fiber (0.85 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.55 μm). (2) Refractive index faib: Step (SI) fiber, ze-step fiber, gradient (GI) fiber, thiab lwm tus (xws li daim duab triangular, W, nyuaj siab, thiab lwm yam). (3) Kis hom: Ib hom qauv fiber ntau (nrog rau kev sib pauv txoj hlua hluav taws xob, tsis muaj polarization uas tswj cov fiber), fiber ntau multimode. (4) Cov ntaub ntawv raw: cov khoom siv khov iav, cov tshuaj fiber ntau, fiber ntau ntau, fiber ntau ntau (xws li cov ntaub yas yas, cov kua roj fiber ntau, thiab lwm yam), cov ntaub qhwv taw, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv npog kuj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv carbon, thiab lwm yam), cov ntaub ntawv hlau (tooj liab, npib tsib xees, thiab lwm yam) thiab plastics. (5) Cov hau kev siv: Vapor-phase axial deposition (VAD), cov tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD), etc., wire drawing method (Qws kev ua si) thiab muab ob npaug rau txoj kev.
