Kev Sib Piv ntawm Ntau Hom Kev Kho Mob Amplifiers
Optical amplifier yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas lus kev sib txuas lus tes hauj lwm. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau hloov ua ntej nws mus rau lub teeb liab hluav taws xob, qhov khoom kho qhov muag tawm tam sim no siv es tsis txhob rov ua dua. Raws li peb paub, muaj ob peb hom kev kho qhov muag amplifiers. Ntawm lawv, lub ntsiab amplifier technologies yog Doped fiber ntau amplifier (eg EDFA), Semiconductor kho qhov muag amplifier (SOA) thiab Fiber Raman amplifier. Niaj hnub no, peb tab tom kawm thiab sib piv ntau hom kev kho tshuab hlwb hlau hauv daim ntawv no.
Ua ntej kev sib piv ntawm ntau hom kev kho qhov muag, peb cia li saib cov fiber ntau optic amplifier. Feem ntau, ib qho khoom qub muaj xws li ib lub receiver thiab transmitter ua ke hauv ib pob. Tus receiver converts lub zog kho qhov muag mus rau hauv hluav taws xob zog. Qhov hluav taws xob tso hluav taws xob ntawm lub receiver drives lub hwj huam tawm ntawm lub transmitter. Lub zis qhov muag zais ntawm lub transmitter nruab nrab yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm nrov ntawm lub tswv yim tawm tswv yim nrog ntxiv nrov. Repeaters tsis ua hauj lwm rau cov tes hauj lwm fiber-optic, qhov chaw uas muaj ntau lub xa tawm xa tawm rau ntau lub receivers ntawm cov nqi sib txawv thiab hauv ntau hom ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li lub suab ntsuas, qhov kev kho qhov muag siab ua kom nrov siab qhov teeb meem uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho qhov muag amplifier yuav txhawb ntau lub lag luam ntau tshaj li qhov ua tau kom muaj lub siab ntim, kom muaj kev nce qib ntau dua qhov muaj zog loj, muaj lub siab tso tawm siab, qis qis, thiab kev tua hluav taws. Muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev kho qhov dav hlau ua tau raws li hauv qab no:
Txhawb nqa me ntsis tus nqi thiab lub teeb meem hom
Txhawb nqa tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm wavelengths
Ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm fiber-optic links los ntawm kev siv WDM
Muab lub peev xwm ntawm txhua lub tshuab-optical, tsis yog point-to-point links
OK, tom qab ib nyuag qhia txog kev kho qhov muag, peb pib hnub no lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Raws li peb tham saum toj no, nws muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub tshuab thev naus laus zis. Txhua ntawm lawv muaj lawv tus kheej ua hauj lwm txoj cai, cov nta thiab cov kev siv. Peb yuav piav qhia lawv ib qho los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov nqe lus hauv qab no.
Doped fiber ntau ntxiv (Tus neeg sawv cev raug: EDFA)
Erbium-doped fiber ntau amplifier (EDFA) yog cov siv fiber ntau-fiber ntau, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm Erbium-doped fibre (EDF), twj tso kua mis teeb pom kev zoo, kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib tw, cov twj siv tawm optical, optical lim thiab lwm yam khoom. Ntawm lawv, ib txoj kab kev tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug trigmatic erbium ion yog ntxig rau hauv cov yeeb yam fiber ntau lub silica core kom hloov nws cov khoom kho qhov muag thiab daim ntawv tso cai teeb liab amplification.
Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm
Cov ntsiab cai ua hauj lwm ntawm EDFA yog siv cov twj pom kev pom lub teeb pom kev, uas feem ntau muaj lub caij nyoog ncig 980 nm thiab qee zaum ntawm 1450 nm, exciting erbium ions (Er3 +) rau hauv 4I13 / 2 lub xeev (thaum muaj 980-nm siv ntawm 4I11 / 2), los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem ua kom pom qhov kaj nyob rau thaj tsam 1.5-μm wavelength ntawm kev tso pa tawm mus rau hauv av-state manifold 4I15 / 2.
Zoo Zoo thiab Cov Tsis Zoo ntawm EDFA
Zoo Tshaj Plaws
EDFA muaj kev siv hluav taws xob siab (> 50%)
Ncaj nraim thiab sim ib qho ua kom nrov loj tshaj plaws rau cov nplais loj (> 80nm) hauv cheeb tsam 1550nm, nrog rau ib qho kev nce qib
Flatness tuaj yeem khees me ntsis ntxiv los ntawm qhov nce-flattening optical lim
Tsam tau dhau ntawm 50 dB
Tsawg suab nrov tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv ntev ntev
Disadvantages
Qhov me me ntawm EDFA tsis yog me me
Nws tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob nruab nrab (SOA)
Cov twj nruab nrab kho hluavtaws nruab nrab yog ib hom kev kho qhov muag uas siv lub semiconductor los muab qhov nce qhov nruab nrab. Lawv muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws rau Fabry-Perot diode tiam sis nrog txoj kev xav los tiv thaiv tus qauv ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg. Tsis zoo li lwm yam khoom siv kho qhov muag (SOAs) yog siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv ncaj qha los ntawm kev siv tam sim no), thiab ib lub laser cais tsis tau.
Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm
1. Txhim kho emission rau ua kom nrov loj qhov teeb meem kho qhov muag.
2.Qhov thaj chaw ntawm lub semiconductor.
3.Txhua tshuaj rau cov twj ntawm electrons ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
4. Lub teeb liab tawm tau qhov kev hloov ntawm electrons mus rau qhov kev ntaus nqi kom tau txais kev txhawb zog.
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws & Kev Tsis Zoo ntawm SOA
Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (semiconductor optical amplifier) yog ib qhov me me thiab me me ua hluav taws xob.
Nws muaj peev xwm yuav tsis tshua kim tshaj EDFA thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv modulators, thiab lwm yam.
Tag nrho plaub hom kev ua haujlwm uas tsis yog kev ua haujlwm (kev sib tw hla, kev ua haujlwm sib luag), kev hloov ntawm lub pauv hloov thiab kev ua plaub lub suab sib tw).
SOA yuav khiav nrog lub hwj chim qis dua. Qhov no yog los ntawm lub luv nanosecond los yog tsawg dua hauv lub xeev lub neej, yog li qhov nce siab tau txais kev hloov ceev ceev ntawm lub twj tso kua mis los yog teeb liab ntawm lub zog thiab cov kev hloov ntawm qhov nce kuj tseem hloov cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov teeb meem.
Disadvantages
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm SOA tseem tsis muab piv nrog EDFA. Tus SOA muaj suab ntau dua, qis dua, qis tsho hnyav heev thiab tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov sij hawm ntev.
Fiber ntau Raman amplifier (FRA)
Fiber ntau Raman Amplifier (FRA) kuj yog ib qho khoom plig rau lub cev muaj zog tuaj. Hauv ib qho FRA, qhov teeb meem kho qhov muag tau ntxiv rau ntawm Raman cov hluav taws xob (SRS). Feem ntau, FRA tuaj yeem faib ua lumped hom hu ua LRA thiab muab faib hom hu ua DRA. Lub fiber ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov qub yog feem ntau dhau 10 km. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum muaj hwjchim siab zog, feem ntau ntawm ob peb lub teb chaws uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau 40 dB lossis hla dhau kev ua tiav. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua kom nrov loj ntawm cov teeb liab qhov muag ntawm cov EDFA uas tsis tuaj yeem los siav. Cov fiber ntau tau tshaj tawm ntawm DRA feem ntau ntev tshaj li LRA, feem ntau rau cov kaum mais ntawm lub twj tso kua mis thaum lub tshuab fais fab tuag mus rau ntau pua megawatts. Nws yog siv rau hauv DWDM kev sib txuas lus, pab EDFA los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov system, kev tiv thaiv nonlinear cov nyhuv, txo cov xwm txheej ntawm lub teeb liab, kev txhim kho cov teeb liab kom nrov nrov thiab ua kom nrov hauv online.
Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm FRA yog nyob ntawm Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect. Qhov nce nruab nrab yog undoped fiber ntau qhov muag. Lub zog yog pauv mus rau lub teeb liab zais pa los ntawm nonlinear kho qhov muag hu ua Raman nyhuv. Ib qho teeb meem photon excites electron rau lub xeev virtual thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide stimulation tshwm sim thaum lub electron de-excites mus rau lub xeev vibrational ntawm iav molecule. Txoj Kev Ncauj Nyab Hloov sib huam sib luag coj mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov phonon yog kwv yees li 13.2 THz rau txhua qhov muag fibers.
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws & Kev Tsis Zoo ntawm FRA
Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Qhov hloov tau qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv ntawm wavelength
Ua ke nrog SM fiber ntau
Siv tau los txuas rau EDFAs
Yuav ua rau qis nruab nrab qis tshaj ib ncua, zoo rau qis dua qis dua
Cov kev lag luam heev heev yuav ua tau
Disadvantages
Cov twj tso dag siab zog yuav tsum, cov twj tso hluav taws xob qis siab tsuas yog nyuam qhuav tuaj txog
Sophisticated nce tswj kev xav tau
Qhov nrov nrov kuj yog qhov teeb meem
Lus xaus
Tom qab tham txog peb hom kev kho qhov muag, peb ua cov sib piv ntawm lawv raws li cov lus hauv qab no.
