Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog ob-txheej concentric lub tog raj kheej nrog qhov sib tshooj me me uas ua los ntawm quartz iav. Nws yog brittle, yooj yim tawg, thiab xav tau ib txheej tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua microstructure optical fiber thiab polarization tswj kho qhov muag fiber ntau, uas feem ntau koom nrog tub rog, tiv thaiv lub teb chaws, huab cua, lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev tswj kev lag luam, kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv, ntsuas thiab ntsuas, kev nyab xeeb khoom noj, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab ntau lwm cov teb.
Xyoo 1966, Mr. Gao Kun ua ntej tshaj tawm kev siv cov dielectric optical fiber los xa cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov cab kuj kho qhov muag hauv ib tsab xov xwm, yog li tso lub theoretical lub hauv paus rau optical fiber ua qhov nruab nrab los xa cov teeb. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, Corning nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim thawj cov fiber ntau nrog poob 20dB / Km hauv xyoo 1970, uas txo qis cov kis mus los ntawm cov hluav taws xob fiber ntau thiab ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm optical fiber sib txuas lus technology tau. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau tshawb pom tias optical fiber sensing thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov ceg ntoo nquag hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm optoelectronic technology vim nws lub siab rhiab heev, muaj zog tiv thaiv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam, loj me me, thiab kev sib xyaw yooj yim.
Optical fiber sensing thev naus laus zis siv rau ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev tub rog, tiv thaiv lub teb chaws, huab cua, lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev tswj kev lag luam, kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv, ntsuas thiab ntsuas, kev nyab xeeb khoom noj, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab ntau lwm cov teb. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide muaj feem cuam xws li: fiber ntau kho qhov muag, cov hlua hluav taws xob fiber ntau, cov hluav taws xob fiber ntau cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, fiber ntau kho qhov muag tam sim no thiab lwm yam khoom siv fiber ntau kho qhov muag. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab polarization-tswj cov fiber ntau tau dhau los ua lub nraub qaum ntawm thaj chaw ntawm optical fiber sensing vim lawv cov qauv hloov tau thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.
Microstructure fiber ntau (Microstructure dfiber, MOF) tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam hauv qab no raws li nws cov qauv thiab kis tshuab: ib qho yog qhov ntsuas refractive index coj microstructure fiber ntau; lwm qhov yog txoj hlua khoob hom photon nrog huab cua ntu qhov kev npaj Crystal fiber ntau. Qhov taw qhia-ua microstructure fiber ntau suav nrog capillary fiber, parallel array core fiber ntau thiab ntau cov tub ntxhais fiber raws li nws cov qauv. Capillary fiber ntau tau npaj ua ntej los ntawm Hidaka li al. nyob rau xyoo 1981. Raws li lub npe pom zoo, cov hlab ntsha capillary yog cov qauv khoob hauv nws cov tub ntxhais, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Hauv thaj teb ntawm kev hnov, capillary fiber nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntsuas dej thiab roj cua. Nyob rau xyoo 1997, ITO.H pawg neeg tshawb fawb siv hollow-core optical fibers los tswj kev txav ntawm kub rubidium atoms kom ua tiav qhov kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv ntawm cov lus hauv atomic field. Cov Cuab Yeej Txawj Ntse thiab Txheej Txheem Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Txuj Ci Tshuab ntawm Nanjing University of Aeronautics thiab Astronautics paub tseeb txog kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov khoom sib txuas los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj kua nplaum rau ntawm qhov khoob khoob, thiaj li paub txog qhov kev siv ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha capillary. Parallel array core fiber ntau yog hais txog cov fiber ntau uas ntau lub cores raug teem ua raws li qee txoj cai thiab sib tshooj ua ke. Qhov no yuav ua kom muaj kev sib txuam ntawm cov cores, thiab yog li tsim ntau yam ntxwv txawv. Harbin Engineering University Optical Fiber Sensing Laboratory tau tsim cov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas tau-ntau qhov tseem ceeb microstructure optical fiber ntau. Multi-core optical fiber tau npaj siab thaum xyoo 1970s. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov roj carbon fiber ntau rau hauv tib lub fiber ntau, kom cov nqi tsim ntawm optical fiber thiab cable tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsawg, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm optical fiber tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua. Xyoo 1994, Fabkis Telecom thawj tsim plaub-ib leeg-hom fiber ntau. Nyob rau xyoo 2010, American OFS tuam txhab B. Zhu thiab lwm tus tau tsim thiab tsim xya-tus txheej txheem ntau qhov ua muaj nuj nqi kho qhov muag, thiab xya cores tau teeb tsa hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm hexagon. Hauv 2012, R.Ryf thiab S.Randel li al. siv ob peb-hom fibre los tsim peb-microstructure fibers, uas txo cov tub ntxhais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov tub ntxhais ua. Txawm hais tias cov waveguide-hom microstructure optical fiber muaj teeb meem xws li kev sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov cores thiab crosstalk nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau ntev, qhov no tsis xav qhia lub tswv yim tshiab rau cov teb ntawm optical fiber sensing.
Muaj ob qho orthogonal> polarization xeev nyob rau hauv ib hom fiber ntau. Hauv qhov zoo tagnrho qhov twg cov qauv fiber ntau nruj me ntsis, qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm ob hom no yog sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim tawm tiag tiag thiab daim ntawv thov, vim tias ib hom fiber ntau tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud xws li ntsuas kub thiab kev ntxhov siab, thiab cov kev ntxhov siab tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, ib txwm muaj qee qhov teeb meem ntawm ellipticity, refractive index faib, thiab kev ntxhov siab asymmetry. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tawm mus tas li, yog li ib qho ntxiv theem sib txawv tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tshaj tawm, uas yog hu ua birefringence hauv optics. Hom birefringence no yuav zam ua txoj kev polarization hom dispersion. Hauv thaj teb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tau kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fiber ntau, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub teeb kis mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob kho qhov muag yuav tsum muaj lub xeev ruaj khov polarization. Hauv ntau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag sib txuas, lub xeev polarization ntawm lub teeb nkag kuj tseem xaiv. Vim tias hom polarization-hom dispersion tshwm sim, zoo tib yam-hom kho qhov muag fiber txwv qhov kev txhim kho ntawm optical fiber ntau thiab lwm cov teb, thiab polarization-tswj optical fiber ntau yog tsim.
Tam sim no, muaj ob txoj kev tseem ceeb los daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsis hloov ntawm lub xeev polarization hauv ib hom fiber ntau. Qhov ua ntej yog: sim kom txo cov asymmetric cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom fiber ntau, sim daws qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm ellipticity thiab sab hauv cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov fiber, kom cov teebmeem birefringence ntawm no hom fiber ntau tau txwv rau ob hom ob yuav ua tau degenerate. Thaum birefringence kev tshaj tawm qhov tsis tu ncua B yog tsawg dua 10 ^ -6, hom fiber ntau no feem ntau hu ua Tsawg Birefringent Fiber (LBF). Qhov txheej txheem thib ob yog kom nce lub asymmetry ntawm ib hom fiber ntau, nce nws cov yam ntxwv birefringence, thiab ua kom lub teeb nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob hom kev nyuaj rau ob niam txiv nrog ib leeg. Peb hu qhov hom polarization-tswj fiber ntau birefringence polarization-tswj fiber ntau (High Birefringence Fiber, hu ua HBF), thiab nws li qub birefringence tshaj tawm tsis tu ncua B yog ntau dua 10 ^ -5. Siab birefringence polarization-tswj cov fibers yuav muab faib ua dual-polarization fibers thiab ib leeg-polarization fibers raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv nthuav tawm. Lub dual polarization fiber cais ob hom polarization kom cov hom polarization tseem tsis hloov thaum lub sijhawm sib kis; thaum lub sijhawm ib hom polarization fiber ntau tuaj yeem kis tau ib hom ntawm ob hom kabmob orthogonal, thiab lwm hom yog txwv thiab tsis tuaj yeem sib kis. Peb hu ua cov fiber ntau ib-polarization fiber los yog ib qho tsis hom-hom fiber ntau.
Raws li txoj kev sib txawv ntawm birefringence nyob rau hauv optical fiber, polarization tswj fibers yuav muab faib ua geometric duab nyhuv fibers thiab kev nyuaj siab vim cov fibers. Raws li qhia hauv daim duab, muaj ntau ntau hom polarization-tswj fiber ntau kawg ntsej muag. Ntawm lawv, hneev-khi, panda, sab hauv elliptical cladding, thiab ua kev ntxhov siab-clad polarization-tswj cov fibers yog kev ntxhov siab txog cov fibers; elliptical core, sab qhov, Polarization tswj cov fibers xws li sab qhov hom yog geometric duab nyhuv hom fibers. Nyob rau tam sim no, feem ntau polarization-tswj fiber ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv uas ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv fiber ntau.
