Nkag siab Cov Qeb Qib Tshaj thiab Qib Qib Qib Qib Qib Qes Qes Qis Qes Qes Kho Qhov Muag
Optical splitters ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv FTTH PON tes hauj lwm qhov twg cov tswv yim kho qhov muag tau faib rau ntau qhov kev tsim tawm, yog li tso cai rau ib tus PON nkaus xwb sib koom nrog ntau tus neeg siv. Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tawg tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tsis tas yuav muaj lub zog los ua haujlwm. Lawv feem ntau nruab rau hauv txhua qhov khoos phis tawm ntawm PON OLT (kho qhov muag kab davhlau ya nyob twg) thiab ONTs (optical network terminals) uas OLT pabcuam. Feem ntau, ob yam ntawm cov kab hluavtaws fiber ntau yog nrov, uas yog FBT splitters thiab PLC splitters. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob tau hais nyob rau lwm tsab xov xwm - FBT Splitters vs. PLC Splitters: Dab Tsi Yog Qhov Sib Txawv? Yog li nws tsis tsim nyog yuav mus rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm no. Dhau li ntawm cov no, dab tsi ntxiv ntaub ntawv koj puas paub txog optical splitters? Khaws nyeem cov ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem paub ntau ntxiv.
Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev faib ua feem muaj. Cov txaws sib txig sib luag hauv cov PON system yog cov hluav taws xob uas tsis sib xws nrog ib qho 1: N lossis 2: N splitter piv, qhov twg N yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj tawm. Lub khoos phis tawm fais fab tau muab faib ncaj ncees thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj tawm. Sib cais nrog cov hluav taws xob tsis yog tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob kuj tseem muaj nyob tab sis xws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob sib cais feem ntau yog cov kev cai tsim thiab hais kom hwm tus nqi. Feem ntau, lub 1: N splitters tau muab tso rau hauv cov hnub qub tes hauj lwm, thaum 2: N splitters tau muab tso rau hauv cov nplhaib sib txuas kom muab lub cev qhov tawm ntawm lub cev.
Kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cais hauv PON tso cai rau cov neeg muab kev pabcuam kom tshwj xeeb cov leeg nyob hauv caj qaum, qhov tseem ceeb yog siv ib qho fiber ntau los pub noj kom ntau li 64 tus neeg siv tas. Feem sib txig sib piv hauv daim ntawv thov PON yog 1:32, lub ntsiab lus ib qho hluav taws xob nkag mus rau 32 qhov ua tau. Thiab cov paib hluav taws xob optic muaj peev xwm kis tau ntau dua 20 km. Yog tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm OLT thiab ONT yog me me (hauv 5 km), koj tuaj yeem xav txog 1:64. Nrog kev sib faib siab dua, PON network muaj ob qho zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Fiber optic splitters nrog sib cais sib faib ntau dua tuaj yeem qhia OLT optics thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob raws li tus nqi sib faib khoom noj muaj fiber ntau thiab cov nqi tsim tshiab ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib cais loj dua tso cai ntau dua thiab cov tswj fiber ntau thaum kawg lub taub hau tau yooj yim dua. Tib lub sijhawm, ntau dua qhov sib cais sib cais sib cais txo bandwidth ib ONU (optical network unit). Thiab yuav muaj nce nqi kho qhov muag qhov nqi ntawm OLT lossis ONU lossis ob qho tib si kom ua tiav cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob loj.
Hauv PON network, muaj ob qho kev siv txauv sib xyaw - ib puag ncig mus kom ze thiab txoj kev sib kis.
Lub hauv paus nruab nrab splitter mus kom ze feem ntau siv 1 × 32 splitter nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw cog ntoo sab nraud (OSP), xws li lub dav hlau xa cov davhlau ya nyob twg. Lub 1 × 32 splitter tau sib txuas ncaj qha los ntawm ib lub fiber ntau mus rau OLT hauv chav haujlwm loj. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tshuab splitter, 32 fibers raug xa mus los ntawm cov chaw faib khoom, splice cov chaw nres nkoj lossis chaw txuas cov khoom txuas rau 32 cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev, qhov chaw nws txuas nrog ONT. Yog li, PON network txuas ib qho chaw nres nkoj OLT rau 32 ONTs.
Cov cascaded mus kom ze yuav siv 1 × 4 splitter nyob hauv ib qho chaw cog ntoo sab nraum. Qhov no ncaj qha mus txuas rau OLT chaw nres nkoj hauv lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm. Ib qho ntawm plaub daim txiag tawm tawm theem no 1 splitter yog routed rau kev nkag tau davhlau ya nyob twg uas tsev 1 × 8, theem 2 splitter. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, yuav muaj tag nrho 32 lub tsev (4 × 8) nce mus txog 32 lub tsev. Nws muaj peev xwm kom muaj ntau tshaj ob qhov kev faib ua theem hauv ib qho kab ke, thiab tag nrho qhov sib faib feem ntau yuav sib txawv (1 × 16 = 4 × 4, 1 × 32 = 4 × 8, 1 × 64 = 4x4x4).
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog ob leeg ua haujlwm hauv kev nthuav dav thiab hnyav khoom lag luam thaum txiav txim siab txog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj. Rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov, kev sib tham hauv nruab nrab yog pom zoo.
Ua ntej thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev coj los ntawm kev sib tham nruab nrab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm OLT daim npav kim. Raws li txhua lub tsev hauv cov kauj ruam no yog fiber ntau txuas ncaj qha rov qab mus rau hauv lub hauv paus loj, tsis muaj qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis siv ntawm OLT daim npav thiab 100% kev ua tiav tiav. Qhov no tseem tso cai ntau qhov kev faib tawm dav dav ntawm OLT cov chaw nres nkoj - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum pib "cov nqi" tau npaj siab tias nws yuav qis dua mus rau nruab nrab. Qhov ob, kev coj ua hauv nruab nrab yog qhia kom yooj yim kuaj thiab daws teeb meem nkag. Lub hauv nruab nrab 1 × 32 splitter nrog cov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom tuaj yeem pab txhawb OTDR kab kev txhim kho txuas mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab chaw qis thiab nkag mus rau kev siv davhlau ya nyob twg. Tsis tas li cov chaw nres nkoj khoom txuas muaj nyob ntawm lub chaw faib khoom siv tau txais kev kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muab xa tawm cov cabling. Thirdly, poob yuav tshwm sim thaum splitters yog cascaded ua ke. Lub ua ke poob peev tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub teeb liab tuaj yeem taug kev mus, cuam tshuam cov kev txwv nyob deb ntawm cov xov paj fiber ntau. Lub hauv paus nruab nrab splitter tsawg kawg nkaus uas teeb liab ploj los ntawm kev rho tawm cov splices lossis cov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov xaib.
Feem ntau, centralized architecture feem ntau muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua, txo nqi tsim kev lag luam thiab kev nkag tau yooj yim rau cov kws tshaj lij, thaum txoj kev teeb tsa ua kom zoo dua tuaj yeem ua kom rov qab nqis peev dua, nqis qis dua cov nqi qis thiab cov nqi fiber ntau.
Cov tshooj lus no tau txheeb xyuas qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib cais sib faib thiab qib theem ntawm cov hluav taws xob optic splitters . Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ua kom pom tseeb txhua yam kev teeb tsa sib txawv, lossis kev sib koom tes ntawm lub network yuav cuam tshuam yog tias tsis nkag siab lossis siv tsis zoo ntawm cov qhov muag tawg. Vam tias cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsab xov xwm no tuaj yeem pab thaum xav tau.