Optical switchesyog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov kho qhov muag, muaj ib lossis ntau qhov chaw sib kis tau xaiv tau uas tuaj yeem hloov lossis ua cov haujlwm tsim nyog ntawm cov teeb liab kho qhov muag hauv cov kab sib kis. Lawv muaj kev siv dav hauv fiber ntau optic network systems.
Cov keyboards kho qhov muag tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb: txhua yam thiab tsis yog -mechanical. Mechanical optical keyboards vam khom ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag lossis cov khoom siv kho qhov muag los hloov txoj kev kho qhov muag; tsis yog- cov tshuab kho qhov muag hloov pauv tau vam khom rau electro-optic, acousto-optic, lossis thermo-optic cuam tshuam los hloov qhov ntsuas qhov taw qhia ntawm lub waveguide, yog li hloov txoj hauv kev kho qhov muag. Cov qauv thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob hom kev hloov kho qhov muag tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Mechanical optical hloov
Hom tshiab ntawm cov tshuab kho qhov muag hloov pauv muaj xws li micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) optical keyboards thiab hlau nyias-film optical keyboards.
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) optical keyboards yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor substrate, tsim cov array ntawm micro- iav muaj peev xwm ntawm feeb txav thiab kev sib hloov. Cov micro-cov iav no me me, kwv yees li 140 μm x 150 μm, thiab nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsav tsheb, lawv hloov cov teeb liab input optical rau cov zis fibers sib txawv. Lub zog tsav tsheb siv rau micro- iav yog tsim los ntawm thermal, sib nqus, lossis electrostatic los. Tus qauv ntawm MEMS optical hloov tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab.
Thaum lub micro- daim iav yog nyob rau hauv orientation 1, lub teeb input yog tso tawm los ntawm cov zis waveguide 1; Thaum lub micro- daim iav nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia 2, lub teeb input yog tso tawm los ntawm cov zis waveguide 2. Kev sib hloov ntawm micro- daim iav yog tswj los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob (100-200V). Cov cuab yeej no muaj qhov loj me me, qhov sib piv ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj siab (qhov piv ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv - xeev mus rau qhov tso zis hluav taws xob kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv lub xeev off-}), insensitivity rau polarization, tsis tshua muaj nqi, nruab nrab hloov ceev, thiab kev tso tawm tsawg dua 1 dB. Cov qauv ntawm cov hlau nyias-zaj duab xis hloov kho qhov muag pom tau pom hauv daim duab 3-40. Nyob rau hauv hom kev hloov kho qhov muag no, lub waveguide core txheej yog nyob rau hauv qab cladding, thiab ib tug hlau nyias zaj duab xis yog saum toj no nws, nrog huab cua ntawm cov hlau nyias zaj duab xis thiab waveguide. Ib qho hluav taws xob siv nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau nyias zaj duab xis thiab cov substrate generates electrostatic quab yuam ntawm cov hlau nyias zaj duab xis. Nyob rau hauv lub zog no, cov hlau nyias zaj duab xis txav mus rau hauv qab thiab hu rau lub waveguide, hloov lub refractive index ntawm lub waveguide thiab yog li hloov cov theem hloov ntawm lub optical teeb liab hla lub waveguide. Nyob rau hauv daim duab 3-40c, tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob, qhov kub nyhiab zaj duab xis yog lifted, thiab theem hloov ntawm ob txhais tes yog tib yam, yog li cov teeb liab optical yog tso tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj 2; nrog voltage thov, cov hlau nyias zaj duab xis hu rau lub waveguide, ua rau ib tug π theem hloov nyob rau hauv lub caj npab, thiab lub optical teeb liab yog tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj 1.
Tsis yog - tshuab kho qhov muag hloov
Tsis yog- cov tshuab kho qhov muag muaj xws li hom xws li cov kua siv lead ua kua kho qhov muag, electro- cov nyhuv optic hloov pauv, thermo- cov nyhuv optic hloov pauv, thiab semiconductor optical amplifier keyboards.
Cov kua siv lead ua kua kho qhov muag yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim lub teeb polarized beam branching waveguides ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Ib zawj yog etched ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov waveguides, thiab cov kua siv lead ua kua yog txhaj rau hauv qhov zawj. Ib lub rhaub yog muab tso rau hauv qab qhov zawj. Thaum lub zawj tsis tau rhuab, lub teeb beam hla ncaj nraim; Thaum rhuab, npuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kua siv lead ua kua, thiab vim tag nrho cov sab hauv xav txog, lub teeb hloov cov kev taw qhia thiab yog tso zis rau hauv lub xav waveguide.
Electro-optic thiab thermo- cov teebmeem optic siv qhov tshwm sim uas qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv nrog qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov kub thiab txias, yog li ua kom tsim cov khoom siv kho qhov muag hloov.
Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) optical keyboards ua tiav kev hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob semiconductor optical amplifier.
Cov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov kho qhov muag muaj xws li qhov ntev wavelength, qhov poob qis, qhov muag rov qab poob, crosstalk, optical input zog, polarization- nyob ntawm qhov poob, rov ua dua, hloov ceev, thiab lub neej.
Optical lim
Optical filters yog wavelength -cov khoom siv xaiv uas muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv fiber optic kev sib txuas lus, xws li lim suab nrov hauv optical amplifiers raws li tau tham hauv ntu dhau los. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv WDM fiber optic tes hauj lwm, qhov twg txhua tus txais yuav tsum xaiv cov channel uas yuav tsum tau, cov ntxaij lim dej ua ib qho tseem ceeb tivthaiv. Cov lim tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj: cov lim dej ruaj khov thiab cov lim dej tunable. Lub qub tso cai rau lub teeb liab ntawm ib lub wavelength tshwj xeeb kom dhau mus, thaum lub tom kawg tuaj yeem xaiv cov wavelengths nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kho qhov muag bandwidth. Cov haujlwm thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej kho qhov muag tau pom hauv daim duab.
Cov yam ntxwv kis tau tus mob ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pom tau pom hauv daim duab. Cov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ruaj khov - wavelength optical lim yog qhov nruab nrab wavelength λ2 thiab bandwidth Δλ. Ntxiv rau cov no, kuj tseem muaj cov kev txwv xws li kev tso qhov poob thiab kev sib cais.
Fiber optic grating
Fiber Bragg gratings siv cov teeb meem qhia thaum lub sij hawm tsim fiber ntau, siv ultraviolet lub teeb irradiation los tsim ib lub sij hawm hloov nyob rau hauv lub refractive index faib ntawm cov tub ntxhais fiber. Cov nyhuv lim dej ntawm fiber ntau Bragg grating yog pom hauv daim duab; wavelengths txaus siab rau Bragg grating mob yog tshwm sim tag nrho, thaum lwm cov wavelengths dhau mus, ua rau tag nrho cov -fiber notch filter.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau fabricating fiber ntau Bragg gratings:
(1) Txoj kev cuam tshuam:Txoj kev cuam tshuam siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ob -beam cuam tshuam. Ib lub teeb ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb tau muab faib ua ob kab sib luag, tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Los ntawm kev kho qhov ntev ntawm ob txhais caj npab cuam tshuam, lub sijhawm ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau fabricating fiber Bragg grating.
(2) Phase mask method:Cov txheej txheem npog ntsej muag siv lub ntsej muag ua ntej -fabricated. Thaum lub teeb ultraviolet dhau los ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim, tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw cylindrical ntawm optical fiber, yog li sau cov grating rau hauv fiber ntau.
